March 10, 2005

The Rise of White Arabism

Chibli Mallat writes in Lebanon’s Daily Star about an important new liberal movement on the rise in the Middle East, which he calls White Arabism, to counter the fascist (his characterization) “Black Arabism.” He even mentions, at the end, that White Arabism should not limit itself merely to Arabs. It should be expansive enough to include neighboring Jews and Kurds, too.

For the past 20 years, so-called Arab civil society has been slowly denting the status quo. Initially, questions were defensive and focused on human rights, while participants in human rights gatherings were incapable of mustering the courage needed to name those leaders responsible for all kinds of violations, even the more egregious ones like Saddam Hussein. In part this was understandable, and the level of repression meted out against dissidents was uniquely high: Scores of dissenters were brutally assassinated, thrown in jail and tortured, while the usual "higher national interest" argument was put forward whereby Arab liberals saw their reform efforts condemned as giving sustenance to Israel. This trend was reinforced by the brutality of Israeli repression of Palestinian dissent and the inexorable shrinking of Palestinian land.

As time passed, however, the connection between brutality at home and the inability to stand up to anti-Israel rhetoric became increasingly apparent: From the condemnation of the Arab record in general, typified by the United Nations Development Program reports since 2002, particulars of repression were linked to people at the helm of power in every single Arab country. Local Arab democrats are still hesitant to accuse the emirs and kings in the Gulf, but the taboos have fallen in the Levant and North Africa: Tunisia's Zein al-Abidin bin Ali, Egypt's Hosni Mubarak, Lebanon's Emile Lahoud and Syria's Bashar Assad are being openly challenged, and the perceived weakness of the hard-liners in Israel, leading to the withdrawal from settlements in Gaza and the West Bank, will accelerate the trend of decoupling Arab domestic reform from the fig leaf of a united front against Israel.

The Arab nationalism that has prevailed since the Nasser revolution is increasingly being dubbed "black Arabism" by those of us who do not want to abandon a yearning for closer integration between societies separated by arguably artificial colonial borders. Black Arabism, in this perception, is characteristically fascist, and is epitomized by the former Baath system in Iraq and the present one in Syria. Against it we propose "White Arabism," which harks back to such figures as Saad Zaghlul in Egypt, Kamel Chadirchi in Iraq and Kamal Jumblatt in Lebanon. At the core of the message is the need for democratic, non-violent change at the top in the Middle East, with Arabism read as a liberal call that unifies people irrespective of their religion or sect: in Egypt Copts and Muslims; in Lebanon the various communities that form the country; in Iraq Shiites, Sunnis and non-Muslim sects.

The example of Iraq, where Arabism is not capable of giving Kurds their due of equal citizenship, is particularly telling of the more advanced thought needed to accommodate all citizens - hence the surge of the concept of federalism as a further trait of White Arabism. Only federalism can allow forms of Arab identity to be preserved while Kurds are treated as equal both on the individual level and as a collective community.

Perhaps the greatest challenge of White Arabism will be to review the Palestine-Israeli conflict in the light of new parameters, guided mostly by visions of federalism and where human rights are no longer regarded passively, but are, instead, seen as an offshoot of democracy. While the establishment of a Palestinian state appears inevitable in the short to medium term, White Arabism may have far more to offer both Jews and Arabs in Palestine and Israel.
Posted by Michael J. Totten at March 10, 2005 12:24 AM
Comments

It is incumbent upon us to nurture this seedling, and ensure that it grows to maturity. Now is not the time to pull back. We have, in the words of JFK, "thrown our hat over the fence", and are not committed to the task at hand. Let us fervently hope and pray that we have the determination and courage to finish it.

Posted by: Final Historian at March 10, 2005 01:36 AM

“Let us fervently hope and pray that we have the determination and courage to finish it.”

We better “have the determination and courage to finish it.” I’ve always emphasized the fact that we are not primarily acting altruistically in the Middle East. This area of the world must opt for the 21st Century---or our very lives will continue to be in jeopardy. Isolationism is pure madness. Our world is too small to afford that luxury.

Posted by: David Thomson at March 10, 2005 02:48 AM

I always find it laughable when pro-war men think that their actions are responsible for things brewing long before their wars. Although I'm not a great fan of his geeky Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs, have more to do with democracy in the 3rd World than Bush and Co.
That said, I recall Harvey Keitel's great line in I believe Pulp Fiction: (to paraphrase) "Let's not go sucking each other's dicks just yet!"
Let's see if these movements hold up for 5 or 10 years, then we'll see a new paradigm. Chances are, having been down these roads before it won't last 5 or 10 months.

Posted by: Barbara Assadia at March 10, 2005 06:32 AM

This essay is a great find. Democracy and federalism are the real expression of multiculturalism - a real contrast to the phony multiculturalism that’s willing to tolerate intolerance, or even fascism, in an effort to be “non-judgemental”.

White Arabism sounds like an idea that should be embraced by Jews, Kurds and anti-totalitarian Muslims and Arabs – hopefully a majority of the Middle East population.

I kind of wish he wasn’t using White vs. Black, though. I don’t know about the Middle East, but those words are so loaded in America.

Posted by: mary at March 10, 2005 07:23 AM

It would be great to help the generation of more liberal societies, especially in the Arab Middle East.

Too bad about the white/ black racist implications in the label; democratic/ dictator is too many syllables. Why not copy Sharansky?
Free/ Fear Arabism?

In any case, the key is a free press, able to criticize the leaders.
(Mary, you're so right. What do you think of Free / Fear Arabism, instead?)

Posted by: Tom Grey - Liberty Dad at March 10, 2005 07:30 AM

So it's good Arabism because it's "white", and it's bad Arabism if it's "black."

Nice.

Posted by: Carlos at March 10, 2005 07:41 AM

Tom - Free / Fear Arabism sounds better.

We have a free press here, and sometimes it doesn’t seem to be enough. They need a free press + blogs :-)

Posted by: mary at March 10, 2005 07:44 AM

I also hate the name. The "white" part, yes, for all the reasons perviously stated, but also the "Arab" part. A political movement that seeks to embrace and empower minorities ought not to be named after the ethnicity of the majority. Practically every utterance of it will need an asterisk and disclaimer (or two)**.

There is also a whiff of "seperate but equal" to such assertions as: "Only federalism can allow forms of Arab identity to be preserved while Kurds are treated as equal both on the individual level and as a collective community." If I were Kurdish or Jewish, I think I'd be suspicious.

*White does not refer to pigmentation.
*Non-Arabs also welcome.

Posted by: Browning Porter at March 10, 2005 07:50 AM

White does not refer to pigmentation.

Browning,

I know. I could care less. It's just fun to play an offended Liberal once in a while :-)

Posted by: Carlos at March 10, 2005 07:58 AM

For Barbara Assadia: One totally coherent (and funny) post. I love that Keitel quote and it is soooo apt, esp as regards Bush & Co.

Posted by: Seymour Paine at March 10, 2005 08:54 AM

Barbara and Seymour - are you confused? At what point in this post are Bush or support for the war mentioned?

Posted by: mary at March 10, 2005 09:19 AM

The names are very poorly chosen. There are racial components in many (esp NAfrican) Arab countries and skin tone neuroses that go with it. It's not that much different if we started talking about White Deomcracy (good!) and Black Democracy (bad!).

That said, I'm not sure what kind of cultural connotations white and black (purely as colors) have for Arabs, in more than one culture, white is a color of sterility and death (and mourning).

I like Open Arabism vs Closed Arabism. (Though Free and Fear are also okay).

Posted by: Michael Farris at March 10, 2005 09:50 AM

I had the same thought about "white" and "black," but let's try to not drag our own cultural baggage into this. The article was written by an Arab, in an Arab newspaper, in an Arab country, about an Arab political movement to liberalize Arab culture. And it is clearly anti-racist.

Posted by: Michael J. Totten at March 10, 2005 10:11 AM

Barbara and Seymour - are you confused? At what point in this post are Bush or support for the war mentioned?--Mary

And there,once again,the situation is summed up in a few well chosen words.
All reality for certain 'types'is filtered through the I Hate Bush prism,and whatever information exits the other side bears but an accidental resemblence to the original input.The situation is so bad that really,all discourse is virtually useless at this point,which is why I can't really be bothered to respond any longer unless it is a particularly egregious logical or moral flaw.
That said,I quote this little gem:
Chances are, having been down these roads before it won't last 5 or 10 months.Please correct me if I am completely off-base here,but does this statement appear to be grounded at least as much in wish-fulfillment as in hard-headed historical analysis?The reason I ask is the derisive use of the phrase'Bush & Co.',which turned up in the missives of both BA & SP.This snide little slur is indicative of the mind-set of 'certain types',and at least to me indicates that anything they might say,even if possibly accurate in itself,is always being used merely as a tool to futher some other risable agenda,and therefore is automatically suspect.
When EVERYTHING is viewed not on its own merits but on the impact it might have on the belief system of one given group of people,the whole process of intellectual debate is debased.
It's NOT about ME.I'm bigger than that.It's about how I might implode if Bush is right,and I am WRONG. Jon Stewart says it in jest.Others--- Not so much.

Posted by: dougf at March 10, 2005 12:06 PM

Barb,

Great Post!

"Although I'm not a great fan of his geeky Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs, have more to do with democracy in the 3rd World than Bush and Co."

Did you mean - "Although I'm not a great fan of the geeky Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs, they have more to do with democracy in the 3rd World than Bush and Co.

You hit so many point in a short space that I just had to comment.

1. Condescending sneer to 'pro-war' men.
Check
2. Sound bite world view
Check
3. Hollywood reference for authority
Check
4. Some shock value obscenity to ho0k 'em
Check
5. Defeatist sweep of the arm to dismiss what's happening.

Check.

Truly outstanding. Long may you run.

Posted by: jdwill at March 10, 2005 12:12 PM

Michael - the text and the whole idea is completely anti-racist. It's just a labeling thing. The same words mean different things in different cultures.

Most sane people don't worry about things like that, but I used to work for marketing, so I do. Marketing people were worried that our software would have the Nova Problem abroad. But now it turns out that that whole story was an urban legend. They should have read Snopes.

Posted by: mary at March 10, 2005 12:45 PM

Chances are, having been down these roads before it won't last 5 or 10 months.

This is where I went into "WTF" land. When have we seen something like what's happening in the Middle East right now? Oh, I know; the collapse of the Eastern Block.

Boy, it's a real shame that happened, isn't it?

Posted by: Mark Poling at March 10, 2005 02:49 PM

Slightly off-topic but for anyone interested in seeing Syrians and Lebanese debate eachother re the recent protests and other topics, this is a very interesting (on the ground, as it were) blog. The comments sections of the posts are particularly interesting (Tony - at beirut2bayside makes an appearance as well):

Syria comment

Posted by: Caroline at March 10, 2005 03:48 PM

Barbara it's not black and white like that. Of course you need democrats (and I think of men like Saad Eddin Ibrahim here not Steve Jobs) if the region is to have any hope. You also need real power to balance the pure brutality of the fascists and Steve Jobs doesn't cut it there.

Fascist states put all of their efforts into holding on to power and they can use their brutality, and foment ethnic hatred etc. to hang on indefinately the great detriment of the people.

I'm sure liberals all over the middle east are blessing GWB under their breath. But of course comfortable American psuedo-liberals consider those people and their needs beneith notice. If it takes violence or the threat of violence to counter violence, then the pious pretense that mere talk will save them will have to suffice.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 10, 2005 03:59 PM

jdwill, you captured her tone better than I did.

"2. Sound bite world view"

Exactly. It's "sound bite condescension" But don't blame her. Everybody know that Bush is an ignoramous, so you don't have to actually study the middle east to strike a condescending pose against his administration's policies. Why you can know nothing at all and still be completely assured of the superiority of your views.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 10, 2005 04:05 PM

I know it doesn't change much, but I'll be more comfortable when "white arabism" gets a voice in the world press. Varous cynical variations on "black arabism" get a hearing on the BBC and probably CNN. Hell, there's even Al Jazzeera, "the other [jihad] side of the story"
When do middle eastern liberals get access to the media?

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 10, 2005 04:16 PM

This is what I call white Arabism:

Spanish Muslims issue fatwa against Osama Bin Laden

http://uk.biz.yahoo.com/050310/323/fe375.html

Posted by: Carlos at March 10, 2005 04:19 PM

Hmm? I'm soundbiting in a post reductively labed black and white arabism? That is funny.
As for reform movements in the Arab world- look back over the last century to find the ruins.
To jdwill- no, my grammar was correct. Your sciolism is intact.
As for the assumption of defeatism, that can only be divined by your own powers of delusion. As I said, let a few years go by before victory is declared. Ooh, dissent- call Cotton Mather.
The Gates and Jobs references were to information having a far more corrosive effect on power than mere simplistic analyses as laid out in thios article.
That said, it's obvious Keitel's warning was not heeded her, so continue at your leisure, boys. And Joshua- a better self definition you could not have done if you tried. Ta.

Posted by: Barbara Assadia at March 11, 2005 07:44 AM

Babs - Ta??

Your careless-yet-recherché routine isn’t working. When you try too hard to affect a Gallic shrug it looks like a nervous tick.

As for reform movements in the Arab world- look back over the last century to find the ruins

So, the Arabs can’t handle democracy and if you give the poor welfare they’ll just spend it on crack. Yet another bleat of isolationist wisdom from the post-humanitarian left.

Posted by: mary at March 11, 2005 08:33 AM

Barbara,

Sciolism : a superficial show of learning

Thanks for the new word.

"Although I'm not a great fan of his geeky Bill Gates, and Steve Jobs, have more to do with democracy in the 3rd World than Bush and Co."

His Geekiness? I'm just a humble IT developer, and I can't parse this sentence. Some help, please.

Also, the Cotton Mather reference is cosmic in its reach, or maybe just wierd.

That said, I agree about count-chicken-hatch, but I am more hopeful, taking a long term view. The paradox is that GWB's actions enabled something that would probably have happened anyway. Did he make history or serve it? And in either case, was he essential? Did the people who said things like Chances are, having been down these roads before it won't last 5 or 10 months. contribute anything? Will they ever?

Posted by: jdwill at March 11, 2005 09:14 AM

Oy!

I just looked at Barbara's email moniker. That and using the word sciolism say more about her than she may realise.

Posted by: jdwill at March 11, 2005 09:19 AM

As for reform movements in the Arab world- look back over the last century to find the ruins.

I'd like to get your thoughts on this little morsel I found at Wikipedia: Turkish War of Independence. This appears to be one chapter in Turkey's transition from sultanate to a unicameral democracy. I'd have to say it is the very least the exception to ruinous reform over the last century.

The Gates and Jobs references were to information having a far more corrosive effect on power than mere simplistic analyses as laid out in this article.

At the risk of assuming my alter-ego, Captain Obvious, information alone is not enough. You have to take that information and apply it. Plus, we could get into a whole argument on having the proper information (ie. validity, timeliness, et. al.).

Posted by: Shawn at March 11, 2005 10:27 AM

Barbara used the "I know you are but what am I defense" taunt on me. And she thought we were self parodying...

Oh Jesus.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 11, 2005 02:48 PM

Joshua,

I think I understand where Barb picked up some of her language. I didn't really understand what she meant by 'post reductive' until I found this gem ...

"The reification of bullshit, the (pre-)reductionist elaboration of anaytical practices and the post-reductive reification of bullshit, are of significance insofar as we do have – must have – intuitions of social and historical complexity. We have to have such intuitions – or join the Workers Revolutionary Party."

Now my head hurts, and I still don't understand. I'm glad I hid out in the computer lab in college.

Posted by: jdwill at March 11, 2005 05:21 PM

The reification of bullshit, the (pre-)reductionist elaboration of anaytical practices and the post-reductive reification of bullshit, are of significance insofar as we do have – must have – intuitions of social and historical complexity. We have to have such intuitions – or join the Workers Revolutionary Party.

The nice thing about computers is that you can't get away with bullshit. Either a program works or it doesn't. You can write bullshit about your program all day long and you'll still fail if it doesn't work.

But in some subjects there is no object except your popularity with a mass of self important monkeys.

Barbara knows just how to strike a pose. In fact she strikes them so hard she murders them. But I doubt she knows much else.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 11, 2005 05:55 PM

By the way, the first few paragraphs of that article are in mostly lucid english and accuse avant-guard arts of being con men.

I suppose there's some irony here, but frankly I'm sick to death of irony. Irony is worthless.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 11, 2005 06:01 PM

Ohh, the many typos in my posts. I may have to rethink my policy of never previewing my posts.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 11, 2005 06:04 PM

The usage of "white" and "black" does in fact have racial undertones. The shah of Iran used the term "white revolution" when he introduced reforms to modernize Iran. Racism is very real in the middle east and it’s very evident in the article.

Posted by: Sina at March 13, 2005 12:43 PM

Michael,
Its a bunch of new age word games and hooey crap..... Meanwhile, the Palestinian Arabs in the West Bank under occupation got electricity, sewer, money for Universities, exposed to a real democracy, the right of free speech more so than any other Arab country in the Middle East to a point of not inciting violence against Israel, and became the most educated and well informed group of Arabs in the Middle East.
Israel as a motivator to democratize is just a fake fig leaf. Its got NOTHING to do with the murderers in Damascus, Tripoli and elsewhere, its just the Soviet styled Orwellian monsters, not there but there, "effecting Arabs lives thousands and tens of thousands of miles away".....

The Daily Star suffers often from the same PC bullshit as the NY Times but worse...
White Arabism sounds great. But its not another meaningless phrase dressed up for the neo-liberal in people like you, to sit around coffee clutches and say, "wow isn't that a great concept"
I mean after all before we were disgusted by the new left, we were all leftists, so we still need to engage in some theoretical philosophical bullshit once in a while?

Mike

Posted by: Mike at March 14, 2005 07:45 AM

Sina, so you're saying that a man who's calling for an end to biggotry in Arab society is racist because he calls biggoted attitudes "black" and inclusive attitudes white?

I suppose you'd call the people on the other side who want to see the Jews killed or perhaps even the blacks raped and killed in the Sudan the non-racist alternative?

You're making my head hurt. You focus on the flea's flea and ignore the elephant.

Posted by: Joshua Scholar at March 14, 2005 02:11 PM

Not Kamal Jumblatt please that guy is a war criminal.

Posted by: Highlander at March 14, 2005 06:43 PM
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