May 17, 2004
The (Im)moral Case Against the War
The Nation used to be one of my favorite magazines before I started having the same problem with it that I used to have (and sometimes still have) with conservatives. What I can’t stand most of all, even more than its paranoia and conspiracy-mongering, is the way most of its writers (with a few noble exceptions) look at the horrible conditions of the wretched of the earth and simply shrug.
Paul Savoy decided to dress up his shrugging in moral and ethical drag. His new piece The Moral Case Against the War is anything but.
There is only one truly serious question about the morality of the war, and that is the question posed more than fifty years ago by French Nobel laureate Albert Camus, looking back on two world wars that had slaughtered more than 70 million people: When do we have the right to kill our fellow human beings or let them be killed? What is needed is a national debate in the presidential election campaign that addresses the most important moral issue of our time.I can agree with him about that. But that’s about it. I certainly don’t come down on the same side of the question as he does.
[E]ven if as many as 5,000 civilians have been killed by US forces, isn't freedom for 25 million people in Iraq worth the cost of 5,000 lives? Michael Ignatieff, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard, argued this cost-benefit analysis in making the moral case for war in the New York Times Magazine before the invasion: "The choice [was] one between two evils, between containing and leaving a tyrant in place and the targeted use of force, which will kill people but free a nation from the tyrant's grip." Ignatieff concluded that killing people was the better choice if the United States was willing "to build freedom, not just for the Iraqis but also for the Palestinians, along with a greater sense of security for Israel."He does an okay job framing the question. This does get to the heart of it. Then he runs right off the rails.
Viewed in the light of our own moral ideals, as embodied in our constitutional tradition, the right to life is so fundamental that killing the innocent to advance the cause of freedom of electoral choice or any other purpose, however worthy, must be regarded as wrong.In other words, freedom is not worth fighting for. Our constitutional tradition does not “embody” that notion at all.
You can’t have a war without killing the innocent. It just isn’t possible. We can do our very best to minimize that damage, but still it can never be zero. That, in fact, is Mr. Savoy’s unstated point. Since innocents always die in war, he explicitly states freedom is not worth fighting for under any circumstances because the death of some innocents is morally worse than slavery for everybody.
This is dubious enough in and of itself. The United States would not exist as a country if Mr. Savoy’s “morality” were the prevailing view at the time of the American Revolution. Nor would the slaves have been freed from the shackles of the Confederacy.
He fails, at this point in the piece anyway, to take into account that Saddam Hussein killed more Iraqis by orders of magnitude than the U.S. has or ever will. I know he knows this. He comes right out and acknowledges as much later on in the same article. He apparently thinks - he must think on some level - that it’s morally better if a lot of people die by someone else’s hand than if a few die by ours. This is nothing if not an abrogation of responsibility and a total lack of regard for the well-being of the people in question. The same rationale would tell us to let Slobodan Milosovic put the Muslim population of Europe to the sword. The same rationale excuses our (and everyone else’s) refusal to stop the past genocide in Rwanda and the current one in Sudan. It’s a great and terrible shrug. The post-Holocaust notion of “Never Again” doesn’t even enter in the equation. Did anyone who said “never again” mean a tyrant has to be exactly as bad as Hitler to be worth stopping? No. Even if that’s what was meant, Mr. Savoy still never takes that into account. In his view, genocide can only be resisted by the victims. Never by a well-armed third party.
It’s true that many people are dead in Iraq because of what we did. It’s equally true that a larger number are alive because of what we did. The well-being of Iraqis isn’t even remotely what’s at issue to Mr. Savoy. He only cares that we are morally pure. Tyranny, barbarism, and genocide are fine with him in a lesser-evil sort of way as long as we can sit safe and sound on our side of the ocean and not have to dirty ourselves by messing with it.
Not only is this morally reprehensible, it isn’t even logical. We do not sit safe and sound on this side of the ocean as the terrorism on September 11, preceded by Al Qaeda’s genocidal death warrant, has already shown. The political culture of the Middle East absolutely is our business. Middle Eastern political science topples buildings and kills thousands in our own cities.
Paul Savoy is a September 10th person. He doesn’t understand that we’re war whether we’re happy about it or not.
One of the problems with the September 10th mentality is known to some as the Genovese Syndrome, named after Kitty Genovese who was very slowly knifed to death in full view of her neighbors in New York City. Not one of her neighbors, witnesses all, lifted a finger to stop it or even to call the police. Better not to get involved, or so they thought before their morally repugnant passivism (or should I say pacifism?) shocked and appalled the rest of the country.
We denounce terrorists because when the freedom of self-determination they seek is weighed in the balance against the right to life of innocent people, it is the right to life that our collective conscience has decided should prevail. [Emphasis added.]Good God. What “freedom” or “self-determination” are the terrorists supposedly seeking? The freedom to slash the faces of unveiled women? To stone adulterers to death? To throw gay people off buildings? To wipe Jews from the face of the Earth? If this is freedom, I’ll take slavery.
Mr. Savoy has stripped that lovely word of all its meaning, reducing it to just another post-modern relativistic construct. Freedom for me is a tyrant for thee. No wonder he doesn’t think it’s something worth fighting for.
This, apparently, is what happens to people who live a rarefied existence in a spoiled complacent country. Maybe he needs to take a holiday in Sudan (or even Cambodia) to see how the other half lives. You know, walk a mile in another’s shoes, get a little sympathy for the downtrodden. It’s amazing I have to say this to a liberal. It was the liberals, after all, who taught it to me.
Posted by Michael J. Totten at May 17, 2004 08:35 PMMichael:
You chose to inherit the liberal tradition. Mr. Savoy and his ilk have chosen to repudiate it while appropriating its tropes.
Posted by: Brooks at May 17, 2004 09:13 PMThese sentiments frighten me, because this isn't the first, third or fiftieth time I've heard them.
Posted by: Rob at May 17, 2004 09:13 PMHa ha, I love it, you leave out the one and perhaps most important paragraph that shows that you completely distort Savoy's argument. Savoy writes:
"There is one exception to the prohibition against taking innocent human life, recognized by both our own principles of criminal jurisprudence and international rules of warfare. Deadly force may be used in self-defense even when innocent people will be killed in the combat required to defeat the aggressor. Although international rules of warfare prohibit the purposeful targeting of civilians, even in a defensive war, the law makes an exception for the incidental or "collateral" killing of the innocent because civilian casualties are frequently unavoidable in mounting an effective military operation against the enemy. "
He's entirely right I'm afraid. There's no argument to be made that this was a war of self-defense. Nor surely was it a war to liberate, but that's another matter.
Posted by: calibar at May 17, 2004 09:21 PMAs a contributing editor to The Nation, allow me (on personal title!) to substantially agree with you about Savoy's piece. The passage about freedom of self-determination is particularly appalling and revealing.
As to his general position regarding the sanctity of life, it is a wholly defensible position IF he were a pacifist. Perhaps he is, but it is not self-evident. I have no problem with someone who opposes violence, period. I think it is a naive and useless position, but nevertheless a consistent one.
Savoy's case, however, seems to be different. He is, in his own way, drawing a balance sheet albeit in red ink due to the civilian casualties. It is absurd, of course, to posit that freedom is not worth blood and death-- a principle that is held equally dear by both the Left and the Right.
That said, Michael, the balance sheet, then, has to be drawn. It is is still too early in the case of Iraq, but the account is definitely still open. Getting rid of a homicidal tyrant like Saddam Hussein is definitely a plus, and worth great sacrifice. But I hope you will agree that is NOT the end of the story. We needn't look any further than, say, Africa, to understand why. Rivers of blood and tears and a couple of generations of sacrifice were levied in the very just and often violent fight against colonialism. But how many millions or tens of millions or perhaps hundreds of millions of AFricans today feel rightfully betrayed by their respective "national liberation movements." Of course, we would agree that, in itself, colonialsim was a good thing to do away with. But in fact, the judgement of history is still out in regard to what has replaced it-- at least in Africa.
That's why I would argue that the Iraq story does not end with Hussein's overthrow. It merely begins there. That is why you and I share the outrage over Abu Ghraib... the entire mission in Iraq is undermined if we do not hold the high moral ground. And if we, indeed, are willing from the comfort of our living rooms, to see five or ten or fifteen thousand Iraqi civilians killed in this conflict, as the collateral damage in a greater cause, then we have the responisbility of making that greatness happen. As we correspond tonight, I have great fears for the future of the Iraqis. I want to believe that-- at least in the long run-- the way has been cleared for a much better future for Iraq. But the long run can be a very very long time. Remember that the killing carried out by Mao (in the millions) and by Stalin also was done in the name of building the New Society. While Savoy is wrong to be so categorical and so quick to shirk moral responsibilities, one must be equally cautious in killing for some Better Idea, some New Society that much more often than not, never materializes.
I would say, in fairness, that in the last week's issue of The Nation tha there were a number of other essays on the same subject. And many are much more hard-headed and well-grounded than Savoy's airy piece. I would point to the piece by Stephen Cohen. http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20040524&s=forum
I did address that, Calibar, when I wrote: In his view, genocide can only be resisted by the victims. Never by a well-armed third party.
He left out third-party intervention utterly. He never factored it in. Third-party intervention isn't self-defense, so I really don't see why your excerpt is relevant to my point.
It's self-evident that self-defense is morally permissible. That's not what we're talking about here.
Posted by: Michael J. Totten at May 17, 2004 09:26 PMMarc Cooper: As a contributing editor to The Nation, allow me (on personal title!) to substantially agree with you about Savoy's piece.
I figured you probably would. I'm sure you know that you are one of the exceptions I had in mind when I took a swipe at the magazine.
You're right, of course, about the "national liberation" movements in Africa. It's one of the best points that can possibly be made, I think, to bolster your position.
I would say in response that the U.S. is morally superior to most of those African movements. George W. Bush is clearly no Robert Mugabe. It really is too bad Africa didn't have more Nelson Mandelas. His moral values are very...well...Western.
Posted by: Michael J. Totten at May 17, 2004 09:33 PMMichael, I have a question: Why aren't you writing for the Nation? You are far more capable than Mr. Savoy when it comes to constructing a moral system, at least based on this article and your response. I haven't seen such an intellectual and philisophical wasteland since accidentely reading a piece by Chomsky.
The argument that 3rd parties can't intervene, because they are not acting in self-defense, means that a policeman can't stop a serial killer who isn't targetting him. Or any other person who harms another. This drivel isn't even worth fisking, if you ask me, save for the fact that allowing it to stand corrupts the liberal tradition. Perhaps I am too harsh, but perhaps it is because I find the concept of standing by while another man is murdered before my eyes and I can do nothing because I am not endangered morally repugnant.
Posted by: FH at May 17, 2004 09:35 PMMichael... Please feel free to bash away at The Nation. Many of us do! One note in response to your last comment. Yes, the United States is morally superior to many of those movements, for sure. But we will be judged on what we do not what we say or profess. If we convulge Iraq in war and chaos we will and should be judged on the outcome we produce. We do "own" Iraq now. My greatest fear, however, is that we have put ourselves in a situtation whose internal logic will lead the US to abandon Iraq long before our lofty stated goals are accomplshed. I hope I am wrong.But keep on bashin!
Posted by: Marc Cooper at May 17, 2004 09:38 PMFH: Michael, I have a question: Why aren't you writing for the Nation?
I used to aspire to do just that. It was not so long ago. I changed my mind just before Christopher Hitchens left the magazine, and pretty much for the same reason.
Katrina Vanden Heuvel is the editor, and I really don't think she and I would get along at all. I told Marc Cooper a few months ago that if he takes her place I'll subscribe to the magazine again. I was absolutely serious about that. I might even want to work for him if he would have me. But that day is not today.
Posted by: Michael J. Totten at May 17, 2004 09:44 PMReally well done, MJT.
One item: It's not as simple as Brooks says. There has always been a contingent in liberalism that maintained that we should never adopt a strategy, or a set of rules, by which some people will be left very badly off or killed. This tradition extends back through Rawls to Kant in philosophy and it isn't a recent divergence. It is separated by a blurry line from the liberal ideal that we should make a great effort to keep as few people as possible from being undeservedly left very badly off.
The former sort of liberalism is paternalistic. It decides what sort of risk it is rational for the poor or oppressed to take - namely none at all. Rawlsianism is common in academic philosophy today. According to it, we should structure the economy so that no one can be poor, even if this means that no one can be rich or even much above lower middle class. Nevermind whether poor people in fact would prefer such a limited range of possibilities; it is dictated to them that they must. As for not dirtying hands, you'll find the roots of this nonsense in Kant, who said that we must allow a would-be murderer to find his fleeing victim rather than to attempt to throw him off the trail by lying - lying being abusive of the murderer.
And in Savoy's case, he has decided for Iraqis that it is not rational for them to prefer to risk death. For if it were rational for them to take the risk, it would be permissible for us to help them take it. Savoy, Rawls, and the rest believe they may decide for everyone else how to live and which chances to take. It's a good thing these liberals aren't in power, or we would not be free.
Posted by: Jim at May 17, 2004 09:54 PMIn Black Lamb Grey Falcon, Rebecca West tells the story of the Serbian Tsar Lazar, to whom, on the eve of battle against the Ottomans, the Virgin Mary is said to have offered the choice of victory on the battlefield and an earthly kingdom or defeat and a heavenly kingdom. Lazar chose defeat. The next day he fell in battle and inherited his heavenly kingdom. 77,000 Serbs fell with him, according to the legend, dooming the nation to five centuries under the heel of the Turk. And Lazar is remembered for the purity of his soul.
Posted by: Tim at May 18, 2004 12:43 AMThere's a strong hint of pacifistic Gandhi: "There are many things for which I'm willing to die, nothing for which I'm willing to kill."
In practice, even for most of those who want to idolize him, they accept "self-defense".
I consider Iraq democratization a step of self-defense. Unfortunately, there is asymetrical falsification here. An Islamofascist terrorist getting nukes, or other WMDs, and killing Americans can pretty will prove I'm right; that the anti-war not self-defense position is false.
I don't see any way of proving I'm wrong.
Posted by: Tom Grey at May 18, 2004 03:47 AMMJT,
He only cares that we are morally pure.
No, he only cares about power. Savoy is shilling for the Democrats who want to regain political power from the Republicans. The Democrats are willing to go to ANY LENGTH in order to regain power up to and including losing the war so they can pin it on Bush. That is just collatoral damage Democrat style. And to the left-wing of the party along with the socialist idiots at the Nation, losing the war is the means to their transnational socialist fantasy utopia ends, not merely the means to regaining power.
Savoy, the left and the Democrats are the opposite of morally pure. They are purely corrupt. It is mind-boggling to me that so many people still grant the presumption of morality to the Democrats and the left. It is this presumption that allows them to make bizarre arguments like the one Savoy advances that leaving Saddam in power was the moral choice! Simply astonishing.
Maybe some on the left delude themselves into thinking they are morally pure. But the real world is rapidly intruding on their illusion. The illusion won't last for the duration of a Kerry administration which will be a disaster of epic proportions.
"A great deal of intelligence can be invested in ignorance when the need for illusion is deep" - Saul Bellow
Posted by: HA at May 18, 2004 03:52 AMHA, I'm pretty sure Savoy really, honestly, in his mind believes he is being more morally pure.
Reminds me of an idea Barbara Brandon expressed of her husband Nathaniel having an affair with the much older Ayn Rand -- the more intelligent one is, the easier it is for one to create believable rationalizations.
The Leftists really ARE fooling themselves. Sincerely.
Like "spoiled complacent" rich kids, who love mankind, but can't stand the common people.
Posted by: Tom Grey at May 18, 2004 04:26 AMCalibar states that "There is no argument to be made that this was a war of self-defense."
But in fact, there are many arguments to be made that this was/is a war of self-defense. That Calibar doesn't accept them doesn't mean they don't exist.
Posted by: Eric Blair at May 18, 2004 05:29 AMHe left out third-party intervention utterly. He never factored it in. Third-party intervention isn't self-defense, so I really don't see why your excerpt is relevant to my point.
--it's entirely relevant because you and marc are making this guy out to be a paficist of some sort, which actually he's not. you make him out to sound like he sees no case for using violence ever to solve a real problem. of course, Iraq was not a real problem of self defense, which even the likes of Ken Pollack have finally come around to admitting. but cling to the gulf of tonkin fantasy of saddam as threat to the world.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 05:55 AMIt really is too bad Africa didn't have more Nelson Mandelas. His moral values are very...well...Western.
--except for when he or desmond tutu criticise the US or Israel, in which case they are evildoers no doubt.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 05:59 AMIt is this presumption that allows them to make bizarre arguments like the one Savoy advances that leaving Saddam in power was the moral choice! Simply astonishing.
--you had no problem with it in the case of Qadaffi, Suharto, etc. What would have been the problem with leaving Saddam in power? Was he a big threat to you? Are you one of the many Americans who still thinks Saddam was responsible for 911?
To this day your boy Kimmit is still negotiating with the Fallujah forces and with Sadr in Najaf. Please try to deal with the reality that negotiation is something that your type resort to time and again to resolve problems too.
But in fact, there are many arguments to be made that this was/is a war of self-defense. That Calibar doesn't accept them doesn't mean they don't exist.
--Go see Mr. Powell's recent statements about the phony nature of intelligence he used. Not that it wasn't well known over a year ago, but it's a good thing he finally is waking up to the obvious reality.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 06:03 AMhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3335965.stm
That might have something to do with our current level of comfort with Qadaffi, Calibar.
Posted by: Cybrludite at May 18, 2004 06:25 AMMichael and Marc, thanks for providing a "fisking from the left" of the handwashing paradigm.
The only thing I can add is some speculation that maybe Katrina Vanden Heuvel at least sees a strong possibility that Iraq will become something like a liberal democracy. The Savoy article carries a strong aroma of "even if we were wrong we were right" post-hoc justification.
Anything that gets more people onboard the "rebuilding Iraq is necessary" wavelength is fine by me.
Posted by: Mark Poling at May 18, 2004 06:26 AM"Maybe he needs to take a holiday in Sudan (or even Cambodia) to see how the other half lives. You know, walk a mile in another’s shoes, get a little sympathy for the downtrodden. It’s amazing I have to say this to a liberal. It was the liberals, after all, who taught it to me."
Better be careful Michael. You are getting close to "love it or leave it" - and you know how everyone freaks out over that.
Posted by: Roark at May 18, 2004 06:26 AMThe only thing I can add is some speculation that maybe Katrina Vanden Heuvel at least sees a strong possibility that Iraq will become something like a liberal democracy.
--oh yes, Iraq sure is looking like a 'liberal democracy' there these days. are you sure you want them to have a liberal democracy? what happens if they elect leaders that want to nationalise the oil? be careful you don't get what you wish for there.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 07:15 AMIt's fascinating to see the way that both Michael and Cooper have distorted the text from Savoy to read that he is categorically against 3rd person interventions, is a pacifist, or is against self-defense. Here's another critical paragraph that seems to refute Michael's rather careless reading of Savoy:
"he final argument advanced by the Administration, as well as some human rights advocates, is that the war was morally justifiable as a humanitarian intervention to defend the Iraqi people from mass slaughter by Saddam's brutal regime. However, the doctrine of humanitarian intervention cannot be applied retroactively to morally justify war as a means of punishing a political leader for past atrocities, such as Saddam's killing of more than 100,000 Kurds in the Anfal campaign, which occurred almost fifteen years before the invasion. Because it is essentially a principle that permits the defense of others, the doctrine of humanitarian intervention, like the concept of self-defense, requires actually occurring or imminent large-scale killing to justify the use of military force."
Interesting, not only is he not against 3rd person interventions per se, but he also has clearly laid out conditions for when it's reasonable. the question then is whether or not the conditions could be met in the case of Iraq and he cites HRW's report among others as evidence that the conditions are not met. From that Michael gets that he is 'against 3rd party interventions'?
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 07:30 AMJust because you're so fun to tweak, I will say that yep, liberal democracy is exactly what I want for Iraq. An elected government based on a liberal constitution that protects the rights of all citizens of Iraq sounds like a damn fine idea.
Got a better one?
Posted by: Mark Poling at May 18, 2004 07:32 AMJust because you're so fun to tweak, I will say that yep, liberal democracy is exactly what I want for Iraq. An elected government based on a liberal constitution that protects the rights of all citizens of Iraq sounds like a damn fine idea.
--I think it's a great idea too. but just be careful what ya wish for. if the people elect a gov't that wants to refunnel profits into the saudi economy and out of the US economy, I'm not so sure your friends in Congress or on Wall St. will be very satisfied with that. At that point it might be time to go on another "WMD" search to resolve the crisis of this threat to American values.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 07:45 AMcalibar, you spambot, get your own blog.
Posted by: Tony at May 18, 2004 07:55 AMMichael,
I'm a fan. One point: the Kitty Genovese story is useful as an argumentative tool (everybody knows the reference and agrees upon the moral; we can disagree upon causes, etc.) but it is mostly a myth created by irresponsible journalism. It is more accurate to say that probably none of Ms Genovese's neighbors knew she had been stabbed than that 38 people witnessed the attacks. A good, balanced discussion of the case is here:http://www.oldkewgardens.com/kitty_genovese-001.html.
So what would be the cutoff point, in terms of numbers of civilian casualties, before this exercise in Iraq is unjustifiable, MJT?
10,000?
50,000?
Somewhere between those figures?
A foreign and military policy that represents an expression of our highest moral values, is a fine and wonderful idea. I remember the scorn that was heaped on Jimmy Carter when he proposed orienting our policies in such a manner. The truth is, our nation's foreign policies, and that of every other nation, have always been grounded primarily in the pursuit of our national interest - irrespective of the moral consequences. That is not a particularly comfortable reality for people to deal with, especially people who live in a country that has enjoyed long periods of internal peace, and whose people see them selves as intensly moral actors.
Such people will have an irresistable urge to couch their foreign interventions in moralistic terms, as a function of the need for them to both pursue thier selfish interests and to maintain their moral self-identity. A causal reading of the justifications of colonialism should drive that point home to anyone.
Iraq is an "artificial" country that has long been extremely difficult to control. But its place in the geopolitical landscape has made it a very important place to keep under control. There has therefore long been a willingness to put the moral blinders on and to support and even encourage the reign of "strong leaders", like Saddam. The stability of the region, and our unfettered access to the natural resources that are so crucial to our prosperity have always trumped any moral concern for the people of Iraq. It is only when the local enforcer gets a bit too big for his britiches, and begins to threaten our interests - and we consequently feel the need to replace him - do all the moralistic arguments against his behavior began to be expressed.
I think that many war critics are painfully aware of this fundamental hypocrisy. And many war-supporters are in complete denial about it. If we wish to begin to bridge some of our differences, perhaps we can start by dealing honestly with the nature of American foreign policy. The fundamental argument comes down to this: what should the role of morality be in our foreign policy, and how does that interface with the traditional concern of pure self-interest?
The fleshing out of moral arguments is not a relevant focus of debate until we address the larger issue - to what extent are we willing to really live by those moral standards? Are we willing to take on murderous dictators when they are actually doing our bidding, and are therby aiding our prosperity?
In other words, can we take the moralist arguments seriously, or are we to conclude that they are merely ad hoc justifications of this particular war, trotted out to mobilize the masses to oppose a dictator who is no longer protecting our interests?
Posted by: Tano at May 18, 2004 08:21 AMcalibar, you spambot, get your own blog.
--that's not a very strong argument in response. come on, really, what do you do if your liberal democracy in Saudi Arabia, accomplished by US military intervention say, decides to refunnel petrodollars into the Saudi Economy instead of the US economy? Are you sure Republicans or Democrats would stand for it? The record would indicate otherwise. Are you sure you want democracy in Saudi Arabia, or is that just a convenient slogan?
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 08:25 AMi'll leave for the day since i see no one can sufficiently respond to my doubts about liberal or conservative commitment to democracy in Saudi Arabia. I'd note also before leaving that Marc Cooper's comments on Zimbabwe are superficial, assuming that on the left there are not serious critiques of Mugabe. It is interesting to note that Marc hasn't called for the bombing of Harare to deal with Mr. Mugabe.
Patrick Bond is probably one of the best left commentators on the situation in Zimbabwe and South Africa:
http://www.zmag.org/bios/homepage.cfm?authorID=108
and on Rwanda, the liberal and conservative argument that we 'ignored' Rwanda and should have sent in an intervention force because the weak UN wouldn't have been able to is also pretty lame as an argument. A more serious left analysis of that genocide can be found by Stephen Shalom, at:
http://www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/april96shalom.htm
with that, thank you for your patience and please continue with the brilliant retorts of "calibar you're full of shit" etc.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 08:32 AMSo Tano, when do we get to be authentic with our good intentions? You lay a lot of hypocracy at our feet with some justification, but does that mean no action we ever take can be for morally righteous reasons? Do you believe in a national original sin that will forever keep us from being on the side of the good, except by accident?
Part of the Bush Doctrine states that we can't afford to allow dysfunctional countries with the resources to harm us to exist unchallenged. Statistics say that's a bad bet. Therefore, the promotion of liberal democracy world-wide is in our interest.
That's an accidental good I can live with.
Posted by: Mark Poling at May 18, 2004 08:33 AMDoes anyone else find the following sentence, standing alone and out of context, scary?
"Viewed in the light of our own moral ideals, as embodied in our constitutional tradition, the right to life is so fundamental that killing the innocent to advance the cause of freedom of electoral choice or any other purpose, however worthy, must be regarded as wrong."
Remove the word "electoral", which is implied by the "or any other purpose", and you have the statement of an anti-abortionist, and I highly doubt that was the intent. I know people often hold inconsistent positions on abortion/death penalty and all sorts of other items, but I'm surprised he would use such language, unless he was reaching out to anti-abortion activitists, which I doubt many subscribe to The Nation.
Posted by: Harry at May 18, 2004 08:36 AMRight ON--couldn't agree more.
For the most comprehensive collection of links to news, views, political, and government sites, don't miss All Things Political (www.allthingspolitical.org)
Posted by: David Broadus at May 18, 2004 08:40 AMCalibar, however bad things might be in Iraq, if you think the Iraqis have any desire to elect a theocratic, terror-sponsoring government, you simply have not been paying attention. There are a whole host of other problems in Iraq, but now you're just blustering for the sake of having a comeback of some sort.
Posted by: Jeff B. at May 18, 2004 08:41 AMYet another example that the left is as defunct as the right. The Left don't understand the morality of removing a dictator (though I don't necessarily think we handled it particularly well... in fact, it looks like a pretty badly run campaign. Bush would be out by now if this were a game of RISK). The Right doesn't understand why US forces acting shockingly amoral gets more airtime than Terrorists acting like gasp terrorists. Hell, some on the Right are all for Torture if the ends are justified.
The Right Wing is in a tizzy because some gay people would like to have the legal protection of marriage for their partners, while some of the left are in hysterics because Bush thinks that college entrants should be judged on their acedemics not their skin color.
Finally, both the left and the right are constantly accusing one another of not being American because they are on the other side of the issue, as if America was ever united on any political issue. We praise democracy, yet we accuse anyone who debates against our platform of communisum, hedonism, ad nauseism.
This is what democracy, what freedom is all about. Not the freedom to agree with the majority, not the freedom to support the commander-in-chief, not the freedom to maintain the status-quo of morality, and not even the freedom to agree on what is considered 'best' for America. The freedom is to disagree and make the disagreement known.
Yet, everytime someone disagrees with one side or the other, there is this rush to prove them full of S**T. Everyone who disagrees with position X must have an agenda, they must be trying to save/overthrow the president, religion, society, support the terrorists, destroy democracy, impose a Theocratic society on the US, or some other completely unrealistic exaggerated goal.
One wonders how much some really want freedom... and how many would really prefer a authoritarian state in which their ideas are the only ones implemented...
But what do I know I'm a squirrel....
Posted by: Ratatosk at May 18, 2004 08:57 AMInteresting that everyone rushes to the "self-defense" argument as justifying the killing of innocents.
Now, what does this say about Afghanistan? What DID this say about Afghanistan?
I seem to recall lots of folks opposing the war in Afghanistan because of the humanitarian disaster that would result; that no Afghans were part of the hijacking crews of 9-11; that there had not been every effort made to persuade the Taliban to hand over Osama; that there was minimal proof at the time that Osama and the Taliban were even related.
Innocent Afghans died. Are they to be blithely dismissed, especially given the "questionable" nature of the self-defense in that case as well? Are those who rush to the banner of "self-defense" really consistent w/ the stances held in October 2001??
Posted by: Dean at May 18, 2004 09:08 AM"when do we get to be authentic with our good intentions?"
I dont understand the question. Either your intentions are authentic, and they guide your actions in all cases, or they are not.
If self-interested actions also happen to be consistent with the morally right thing to do, but your decision to do them really derives from a consistent application of self-interest, do you have the right to claim a moral justification?
To drive the argument to an extreme - I am sure that even Saddam, in the millions of decisions that he made over the decades, did many things that were good and "moral", or that could be justified in moral terms - by coincidence no doubt - i.e. they coincidentally conformed to his self interest at the moment. In a practical sense, our actions seem quite different, but on a moral or philosophical level, I would like to hear what you think the differences are.
"we can't afford to allow dysfunctional countries with the resources to harm us to exist unchallenged."
By the definitions used by the Bush administration, almost every country on earth has the "resources" to harm us. All it takes is a few PhDs in chemistry or microbiology, and a standard college-level laboratory. "Dysfunction" is also a rather ambiguous term - there are many countries that are as "dsyfunctional" today as Iraq was before the invasion, or worse. Your phrasing, or Bush's, seems to open the door to an attitude that we can invade any country that our leader determines has hostile intent. Given the propensity of so many in our country to instinctivly support any such presidential pronouncment, we seem open to an unrestricted power of war and domination, at least in theory.
Posted by: Tano at May 18, 2004 09:09 AM"The political culture of the Middle East absolutely is our business. Middle Eastern political science topples buildings and kills thousands in our own cities."
"He's entirely right I'm afraid. There's no argument to be made that this was a war of self-defense. Nor surely was it a war to liberate, but that's another matter."
Resolve this contradiction and you will have taken another step toward sanity.
Posted by: Art at May 18, 2004 09:27 AMHmmmm. I found the comment about "if this is freedom I'll take slavery" interesting, and tend to agree with you. Isn't it ironic that the liberals who tend to scream so loudly about "big brother" Ashcroft & Bush are the same ones who are turning traditional liberal logic on it's head, into doublespeak. Remember, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY. Another name for it is pretzel logic. Either way, in the end, they would have us all in Room 101 in order to correct our "thinking".
Posted by: Michael at May 18, 2004 09:30 AMViewed in the light of our own moral ideals, as embodied in our constitutional tradition, the right to life is so fundamental that killing the innocent to advance the cause of freedom of electoral choice or any other purpose, however worthy, must be regarded as wrong.
Of course, the good people at The Nation do recognize that the fundamentality (is that a word?) of the right to life is not absolute, but subject to the Planned Parenthood Exception (aborting innocent life is OK because it saves on future child support), the Terri Schiavo Exception (starving your handicapped wife is OK because it allows you to be rid of her inconvenient existence), the Building Socialism Exception (one must "break a few eggs" to collectivize Ukranian agriculture), and so on . . . .
Posted by: Mike at May 18, 2004 09:38 AMEither way, in the end, they would have us all in Room 101 in order to correct our "thinking".
That's right, liberals are just champing at the bit, waiting for IngSoc to be established so that that they can drag the conservatives off to the Ministry of Love. Or, wait, maybe that's an extremely paranoid delusion masquerading as political analysis.
Or, as our friends at the Ministry of Truth would call it, "duckspeak."
Posted by: double-plus-ungood at May 18, 2004 09:42 AMThe post-Holocaust notion of “Never Again” doesn’t even enter in the equation. Did anyone who said “never again” mean a tyrant has to be exactly as bad as Hitler to be worth stopping? No
*************************************************
Michael you misunderstood them, it is not "Never Again" they were saying, but
"Neville Again" ;-)
Posted by: Daniel Kauffman at May 18, 2004 09:46 AMIsn't it ironic that the only reason Mr. Savoy is alive to spout his utopian drivel is because he and those of like-mind have had the good fortune to live in a free society which protects them whilst they incessantly gnaw on its ankles in a feigned "moral" snit? Had they not, they would of course have been grist for the "mill" long ago.
Posted by: larry mikelson at May 18, 2004 09:50 AMHere's one hawkish Democrat and Kerry voter who says "right on" to Mr. Totten. Savoy's morally unconcerned isolationism cannot be the road this nation goes down.
This war must be a war for the defense of liberalism. Liberalism cannot survive without defending itself against killers and totalitarians. Michael hits the nail on the head here.
Posted by: SamAm at May 18, 2004 09:56 AM"i'll leave for the day since i see no one can sufficiently respond to my doubts about liberal or conservative commitment to democracy in Saudi Arabia."
Here's the situation - a little girl is drowning, a man jumps in the water to save her and succeeds. People around him, instead of praising him, say "Well, what about all the other little girls drowning in the world. Why didn't you help them?" You can't help everyone at the same time. If you wait to do that you'll end up helping no one. You help who you can, when you can. Personally, I would like to bring democracy to every totalarian country on Earth. The more freedom we have the better chance we have for world peace. I also understand that it is impractical do so (more is the pitty).
Posted by: Cool Tester at May 18, 2004 09:57 AMHell personally this war hawk hopes that Iraq gets to funnel all of that oil money into their economy. It helps Iraq a lot better than Saddam building those palaces or the UN getting their Graft money.
SA too, if they were to become a liberal democracy and in turn let the people get most of the money. We do not want to own their oil, we do not want to build an empire. We want to drain the swamp of the fundamentalists. That is the Self-Defense angle of going into Iraq.
We could not pressure SA to stop exporting their brand of Extreme Islam until we could replace those resources we purchase from them. Namely Oil. Saddam, for 12 years had thumbed his nose at the UN, had bribed the UN up to the point people were talking about easing sanctions, had the second largest Oil reserve in the world.
Hmmm, maybe if we go ahead and get rid of Saddam, help the Iraqis get their oil production up. Let them join Opec, and then we could put pressure on SA to reform. We could say the hell with their Oil then we could maybe sanction them. Meanwhile, young men in SA would see a productive economy in Iraq fueled by their oil money and their liberal capitalistic society and instead of joining the extremists left for Iraq.
But maybe calibar you are too short sighted to see what we are trying to accomplish in Iraq. You honestly believe we want their oil, I bet you believe they are building a pipeline across Afghanistan too right.
Meanwhile, we sink more money into alternative power sources and when we get that working in the next decade or two, we will take their only source of Income away. Then places like Iraq will be the only functioning economy in the ME. More young men who would be extremists will pour into the country, making it more successful and those old regimes will dry up and blow away.
Jesus some of these people I think actually believe this is all about the oil.
Posted by: James Stephenson at May 18, 2004 10:02 AMYet, progressive liberalism embraces eco-imperialism as the new religion in helping the oppressed. Meanwhile, more people are dying daily from maleria than have in this war because eco-imperialists have banned the use of DDT. Third world countries are literally encased in museums of death at the convenience of misguided beliefs in the religion of eco-imperialism.
How many more people must suffer and die by the hands of those eco-imperialists who pretend they actually care.
The Nation does not walk their talk.
Posted by: syn at May 18, 2004 10:26 AM
Calibar,
I'm curious as to what part of the "Saudi economy" Iraqis might choose to "invest in" in the near and intermediate term. Surely you aren't suggesting they sell Iraqi oil and use the proceeds to buy Saudi oil? Isn't it more likely they'd instead mimic the Saudi methos of using oil revenue to buy whatever else they need?
Why should we be afraid if Iraq "nationalizes" its oil industry? Many in the blogosphere including the instapundit hawks have talked about what a good idea it would be for all Iraqis to share in oil sale profits. As long as the rest of the world can buy the oil, what does it really matter if all Iraqis profit and no one owns the oil fields and Iraqi oil companies. I for one have no problem with this.
Tano, you said:
Either your intentions are authentic, and they guide your actions in all cases, or they are not.
In your view, how does this fit in with the idea of making a distinction between having the courage to change the things you can, the ability to accept the things you can't change, and the wisdom to know the difference?
And how does it fit with the idea of finite power and resources? Seriously. Becuase I think you're oversimplifying for rhetorical advantage. In my experience those who insist on holding out for the whole loaf more often go hungry.
Posted by: bk at May 18, 2004 10:29 AMI note that although the article speaks in terms of a moral calculation, there is no effort to sum up the benefits of deposing Saddam. If 5,000 civilians have been killed liberating Iraq, what number of lives have been saved, and is that sufficient? He does mention that as many as 300,000 people were killed by Saddam; over an approximate 30-year reign that indicates an average of 10,000 people a year. Is it worth killing 5,000 people to save 10,000 per year? I don't think that's a very difficult question.
And it's not as if the left has not been prepared to forgive a lot of killing in the past, provided it was done to bring a socialist/communist government to power.
Posted by: Brainster at May 18, 2004 10:31 AMThe discussion of ideological purity is an interesting one now, especially as many traditional Republicans and Democrats find themselves on the opposite ends of the isolation/intervention spectrum from where they occupied a few short years ago. From an ideological perspective, I suspect there is plenty of hypocrisy to go around. It is, however, completely understandable and even expected that an event of the magnitude of 9-11 shatters and rearranges people's priorities and thinking. I think this is a big reason for the shrillness in general of political discourse these days; simply put, people are arguing from very unfamiliar territory. Mr. Savoy and Calibar are good examples. Six years ago they were most likely arguing for involvement in Kosovo on moral grounds. Many Republicans were against such involvement, asking the questions about how our national interest would be served.
A huge paradigm shift has occurred with 9-11 though, and people need to get their heads around it. One interesting thing about this shift is that it is now abundantly clear that these concepts of morality in international relations as opposed to the self-interested behavior (ala Adam Smith) have now converged. Any country that is not democratic to the extent that it allows it's citizens to effectively address their grievances in a peaceful manner to avoid extremism and violence is a threat to the US in that it has the potential to produce international terrorism, expecially if that discontent is expressed in the form of Islamic fundamentalism. This results in the kind of totaltarianism that no good liberal should be comfortable with. Thus we should have the luxury of bringing both the moralizers and the those who are require national interest to be represented on board for the fight against Islamic fascism. It is a shame that the administration has not done a better job in advancing these ideas, but that does not make them any less true. The old divisions amongst us must be dropped. If new ones emerge, fine, but let them at least be logical, and ideologically pure.
Posted by: Obe at May 18, 2004 10:35 AMI'm a right-wing partisan, certainly. But could it be that the left only approves of 'breaking a few eggs to make an omulette', if the omulette is a socialist / communist experiement? Maybe if Bush announced National Health Care for all Iraqis, members of the left would support the war.
Posted by: Matthew Crandall at May 18, 2004 10:44 AMbk,
My argument was not that one should act from moral principles in all cases, and thus attempt to take on all the worlds problems at once.
My argument was that oen should be honest about what one's motivations really are.
As far as I see it, morality plays a secondary role, at best in our foreign policy. And it may well be the case that it plays no real role whatsoever, except as a convenient argument to be used in those instances where are self-interest and our moral principles happen to coincide.
And that, I would claim, is merely spin
Saddam could build a hospital, and claim that it is because he is a good and moral man, committed to help his people. One could argue that otherwise - that he needs a certain level of public health if the people will work to make the money he could then steal, and that in any case, the people expect a decent health care system from their government or else they would revolt.
So which is it? Or is it both?
I think this is any easy question. Would he do it if there was nothing in it for him? Probably not. Did he routinely do things in his own interest that violated moral rules? Sure. I think we can conclude that he was self interested only. The moral actions were coincidental to self interest, and I am sure he used that coincidence for propaganidstic purposes.
Now, at that level, how are we different? Do we bring freedom and democracy to random countries when we have no self interest at stake? I am not demanding that we fix all problems - how about some, where there is no interest? Do we do things (like support dictators) that are amoral or immoral if it is in our self interest?
I guess I am asking someone to make the case that we EVER do anything for moral reasons, as opposed to simply CLAIMING moral justification whenever our interests and morality coincide.
My goal here is not to advocate particular actions - it is to have honest discussion.
Posted by: Tano at May 18, 2004 10:47 AMCalibar wrote "--oh yes, Iraq sure is looking like a 'liberal democracy' there these days. are you sure you want them to have a liberal democracy? what happens if they elect leaders that want to nationalise the oil? be careful you don't get what you wish for there."
Hmmm...from Websters: "Nationalize 2: to invest control or ownership of in the national government" Looks like we're almost there. As far as I can tell there are no privately held Iraqi oil assets in existence. If I'm not mistaken control currently resides with the Provisional Authority and will pass to the Iraqi government, once constituted.
Posted by: Bob at May 18, 2004 10:47 AMI'm curious as to what part of the "Saudi economy" Iraqis might choose to "invest in" in the near and intermediate term. Surely you aren't suggesting they sell Iraqi oil and use the proceeds to buy Saudi oil? Isn't it more likely they'd instead mimic the Saudi methos of using oil revenue to buy whatever else they need?
--you have completely misread my comments. completely. you are arguing with someonelse who wrote that perhaps.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 10:48 AMAny country that is not democratic to the extent that it allows it's citizens to effectively address their grievances in a peaceful manner to avoid extremism and violence is a threat to the US in that it has the potential to produce international terrorism,
http://www.w3schools.com/Visit W3Schools
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 10:53 AMFunny definition of nationalisation you've got there Bob
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 10:56 AMExactly the right point brainster. If I remember correctly, UNICEF and the WHO said we were killing 5,000 Iraqi children a month with sanctions. Now that sanctions are lifted and oil revenues are going into Iraqi coffers, shouldn't we get credit for the 5,000 that we save every month.
By my calculation, since this war started we have saved 70,000 Iraqi children. Now I ask you, in doing what UNICEF and the WHO asked us to do, namely lifting sanctions on Iraq, are we committing a moral act or an immoral act?
Posted by: jayef at May 18, 2004 11:06 AMCalibar: Yes, I think Jordan falls into that caetgory. What is your point?
Come on man, just a little effort to refute something in principle would be appreciated.
Posted by: Obe at May 18, 2004 11:07 AMSo, what you're saying is, if people aren't willing to fight and die winning their own freedom from their oppressors, we should be willing to go in there and kill as many people as we need to - oppressors and oppressed alike, but in palatable proportions to salve whatever remains of our consciences - suffering as many casualties to our own troops as necessary, in order to "secure the blessings of liberty" for them and their posterity.
Have I got that right?
I find your moral and analytical insight underwhelming.
Posted by: Annie Nonymous at May 18, 2004 11:08 AMCalibar: Yes, I think Jordan falls into that caetgory. What is your point?
--funny, i don't remember it being categorised as one of the evil countries, indeed it is roundly praised by conservatives and liberals alike for having such a fine "King", as that link points out. i think you guys are just out of touch with the people you vote for and how they regard these issues. i'd love to see jordan become a democracy, i'm afraid the people you vote for don't really care one way or the other. or at least ya wouldn't know from their relationships with such fine figures of democratization like the Jordanian "King".
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 11:09 AMWell done, Michael.
Savoy's reasoning makes the moral case against U.S. participation in World War II. After all, he could argue that an attack on a distant military installation outside the U.S. (Hawaii wasn't a state, yet) was hardly pretext for the violence which followed, that we killed more of them than they of us . . . and that we provoked them with our embargo, blah, blah, blah.
Sophists and pharisees in the service of nihilism.
Posted by: Cosmo at May 18, 2004 11:10 AMYour page setup makes for difficult reading because the line length is too great. I think I'd agree with your analysis if I had the patience to even skim it.
Posted by: Richard L. Leed at May 18, 2004 11:12 AMIt is hard to deny that more civilians have died in Iraq since and because of our invasion than would have been killed by Saddam Hussein during the same period of time. Hussein killed lots of civilians during his wars against the Kurds (late 80s) and against the Shiite insurgents in the South (early 90s, after the Gulf War). Other than that he was your standard issue brutal dictator, not genocidal. Civilians were dying due to U.S. sanctions before we invaded; Hussein was not on any kind of genocidal rampage (although of course his secret police killed some people every year). Civilian deaths due directly to U.S. action since the invasion look to be about 10 thousand (not 5 thousand), plus thousands dead due to our total inability to maintain order and incompetence as a governing body, plus many thousands more innocents locked up as "insurgents" on little or no evidence. Plus the U.S. troops killed and wounded, who I would count as innocents since no one deserves to serve under a CiC as incompetent as George W. Bush.
When are you people going to admit what an utter practical disaster the invasion of Iraq has been?
Posted by: MQ at May 18, 2004 11:12 AMTano - my point is that when morality and national interest converge, one or the other does not necessarily become "spin" depending on one's point of view. Kosovo was upheld as an intervention based mostly on "moral" grounds, but considering the history of the Balkans, there was certainly a national interest aspect as well. I don't think that America is often stirred to battle without both of these sides being satisfied to some degree, because in a liberal democracy, it really does require many people (ahem, not just a neocon cabal) to sustain a war effort. I guess I am confused why those who would normally accept a moral arguement for war are tying themselves into pretzels to deny that moral aspect with regards to Iraq simply because the ends do indeed converge with national interest. Thoughts?
Posted by: Obe at May 18, 2004 11:18 AMan odd calculation you have there jayef
the rendition of the numbers of 'lives saved' 'hospitals built' 'hospitals running' remind me of old Soviet lists of major accomplishments.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 11:19 AMMQ: when you can prove it's a disaster without twisted rationale, distortions, and lies.
One of MJT's remarks got me on a line of thinking that is too long to waste his bandwith. I think he's wrong when he says Savoy is advocating inaction due to the danger to innocents. I just don't think he (or even Savoy) followed his thinking through to it's logical conclusion.
Click the link for more on that thought.
Posted by: ubu at May 18, 2004 11:20 AMSavoy's reasoning makes the moral case against U.S. participation in World War II.
--wrong. Savoy's argument clearly argues precisely the opposite.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 11:21 AMTano, I personally have long believed a foreign policy based equally on moral principals and pragmatic outcomes would be best for this country. Alas, contrary to calibar, I do not in fact have friends either in Congress or on Wall Street. Unlike, say, Katrina Vanden Heuvel.
Put succinctly, I believe in moral outcomes. I also believe moral outcomes are much more solid if they are produced by moral processes. That's why I was outraged by the prisoner abuse/torture in Abu Graib. I believe we are trying to achieve a moral outcome in Iraq, and that was undermined by our treatment of prisioners. But none of that negates the good that we want to achieve, and that we may achieve.
That's why the urge to wash our collective culture's hands of sin bother me so. By refusing to engage the bad beyond our borders, we allow the good to be destroyed. (And as 9/11 should have shown to any with eyes to see, "our borders" is a pourous concept at best.)
I would characterize Mr. Savoy's arguments as the "Strong handwashing" principal. Since innocent people will die in any war, and innocents dying is always the morally "worst case scenario", a moral (third) party cannot morally intervene in any conflict.
I characterize your argument as "weak handwashing"; since US motives in waging war may be suspect, any overall good that comes from it will be suspect as well.
"Strong handwashing" basically percludes the United States from ever using its military except as a response to a direct attack. Even then, if the actors aren't traditional nations, our response would be limited to micro-actions against small groups of hard to isolate individuals. If anything, action in those cases would be more difficult, because the actors have every incentive to disperse through large populations of innocents.
"Weak handwashing" is potentially less restrictive, because in theory all it does is raise the bar justifying action to a higher standard than "it's in our best interests." In practice, it gets abused. (I'm still waiting for the Trans-Afghanistan Oil Pipeline.)
I'm not saying the bar shouldn't be higher than might-makes-right; far from it. What I am saying is that moral decisions can be made that acknowledge the good being done along with the potentially self-serving interests of the actors involved. (I don't care if Haliburton makes a tidy profit in Iraq, as long as the Iraqis end up better off, and we don't have to worry about Saddam taking over the Saudi oil fields).
Posted by: Mark Poling at May 18, 2004 11:24 AMMichael J -
That's a fine article, sir.
Here's my two cents from the evil conservative corner:
1. The only reason for our nation of free citizens to engage in war is to defend ourselves from direct and unambigous threats to the institutions and freedoms we hold dear. It is in our basic national INTEREST that we do not die at the hands of, or are forced into a domestic security posture that destroys the freedom, innovation, and opportunity for individual realization of potential that make us the nation that we are, by parties or individuals who have embraced systems or virtues that they think give them liscence to kill.
2. The only way to end a war fought across diametrically ideological grounds (the only kind that free citizens ever have any business fighting) is to crush comepletely the enemy on the field and in his home and then dictate the terms of future relations, in order that the issue is resolved and not just deferred.
There's my two cents. War is hell wrought on earth. History shows in stark relief the nature of arguments that wars alone can solve, and today's situation is nothing new...nothing new at all. The remarkable component of this struggle is the willingness of so many Westerners to ignore the enemy's stated agenda (and undeniable track record of lethal action toward implementing it)in the hope that they may realize some short term benefit by doing so.
Can Islam, as envisioned as a new caliphate, or even as it exists in practice by Wahabbist/Sunni/Shi'ite/Druse survive in a world where the last superpower and the worlds most powerful economies are products of the western liberal/democratic/republic tradition?
Personally, I don't think so. Without serious reform they'll never be able to compete economically. Without benefit of the geological lottery that placed their lands on top of the world's energy supply, the Arabs would have arrived in 2004 as a handful of EcoTour curiosities. Without serious reform, they will continue to wallow in psychological trauma and tribalism that to most westerners would appear as clinical, and commitable.
When their cultures collide with the west they lose just on assimilation because their system consciously denies a future to half of their population, while simultaneously assigning despotic power to males. That they have decided to wage war to prevent the changes that history is forcing upon them is their affair. The walls are gone...pierced by jumbo jets, fibre optic cables, and computers. We have to decide what will be rebuilt from the rubble.
Posted by: TmjUtah at May 18, 2004 11:26 AMCalibar - fine, if playing games about what "my people" or "your people" are doing shelters you from actually evaluating what I say as an individual and thus makes it easier to avoid any real discussion, then so be it. I doubt that one is ever lucky enough to vote for any candidate at any level that perfectly emobodies all of one's positions and opinions. So what?
You say you'd love to see deomcracy come to Jordan. Great. Me too. Now that we agree on something, how would you accomplish that change? I again argue that a successful democracy in Iraq is the best way to accomplish that change in Jordan, and all the other totalitarian states nearby. What is your solution? And please, don't say "getting rid of poverty", we've already been over that.
MQ - geez, again with the "you people". I think I am noticing a pattern. By most historical evaluations, the invasion and occupation of Iraq has been anything but a total failure. Time will tell.
Stop screeching about "you people" and come up with solutions and present them in the marketplace of ideas.
Posted by: Obe at May 18, 2004 11:31 AMI particularly enjoyed these little jems of distortion from Calibar's link in response to Jayef:
"Why do they die? They die because of things we don't have." -- As if it was different under Saddam, right Calibar?
"Once the Middle East's gem, the system was starved of resources by Saddam Hussein under 12 years of international sanctions." -- Yes, a system that was starved by several hundred corrupt, unelected and unaccountable UN officials, let's not forget that, although I'm sure Calibar still believes it all our fault. Dump the propaganda and stick with, you're going to need it Calibar.
I also find it quite interesting and telling indeed that you had no response to Cool Tester's drowning girl analogy, a point that completely undermines everything you have said so far.
Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!
Posted by: Patrick Henry at May 18, 2004 11:36 AMInteresting observation, calibar. I suppose you believe that the United States is responsible for these conditions? If we had only been kind to Saddam and allowed him to exercise his will in any direction he pleased, none of this would be happening, right? Basically what you're saying is that UNICEF and WHO were full of it . . . on that we can agree. Or are you saying something else? Are you saying that whether there are sanctions or their aren't sanctions or Saddam is in power or Saddam is out of power whatever has happened and will happen in Iraq is the fault of the United States? I get it now.
Posted by: jayef at May 18, 2004 11:36 AMSo it's not about self defense? I don't see how you can make that argument unless you think the US has no active enemies in the middle east.
We know for a fact that Saddam gave money to terrorists (on many occasions). We know that terrorists trained in Iraq. We know that Saddam was the sworn enemy of the US who would do almost anything in his power to hurt the US and Israel. We know that Saddam attacked neighboring nations whenever he thought he could win and had designs on ruling the whole middle east. We know that Saddam at least had contact with al Qaeda in Iraq (and the meeting in the Czech republic is looking more and more like a fact). We know that Saddam had a plan to assasinate an American president.
Most of all, we know that he surrendered in a UN-backed war and didn't honor the terms of surrender. Doesn't that make him an ongoing threat?
What more, exactly, do you think he would have to do to be considered an enemy who had already attacked us?
Of course, we also had those UN resolutions (unless you want to claim that the UN has been now shown to be so illegitimate that we shouldn't allow them a voice) and mass graves and the torture and killing of children and pillaging of his country and ... you get the idea.
The idea that there was no moral basis for this war is absurd. I don't think it's a position the left would have if Gore were president right now. After all, there is little hue and cry from the left over Clinton's war (still going on and still causing US casualties) in the balkans.
Posted by: rob at May 18, 2004 11:43 AMMQ,
So let me get this straight. The deaths caused by the U.S. invasion of Iraq count in this little body count calculus, but somehow Saddam's campaigns against the Kurds and Shiites do not. (And naturally his invasion of Kuwait and war with Iran do not count.)
Please explain. In particular, please explain how, given his past actions, you are quite certain he would never begin any other wars or initiate any further campaigns against Kurds and Shiites.
No matter how you slice it, the body count calculus favors removal of Saddam. The real question is: Why do the anti-war dead-enders still cling to this faulty reasoning?
Posted by: Catalonia at May 18, 2004 11:49 AMMichael,
You've written a very thought provoking article for me. As a product of Western upbringing in a Judeo-Christian culture, I can't help but think of nation-states in the context of the Good Samaritan. Surely, any person with compassion must realize that fighting for and defending freedom are the greatest acts of humanity. They must also come to realize that the persecution of any individual is an assault upon our own freedoms and must be stopped. This much debated war on terrorism is much more than just fighting a bunch of thugs committed to anarchy. They mean to destroy Western civilization. Simply because there are many things about our culture that have no moral justification, or more pointedly is amoral, does not invalidate our society as a whole. Complacency will lead us to ruin if we do not awaken to this threat against all humanitity in the name of a god, which I have purposefully spelled with a small letter because these terrorists are godless. Debating the virtues of the terrorist cause is not considering their right to freedom, it merely addles the brain and causes hesitation to act.
My party has deserted me and what I thought were its ideals by challenging the moral justification of the war in Iraq and the fight against terror.
Posted by: Pat Kelly at May 18, 2004 12:19 PMIt gets worse:
American athletes have been warned not to wave the U.S. flag during their medal celebrations at this summer's Olympic Games in Athens, for fear of provoking crowd hostility and harming the country's already-battered public image. -- London Sunday Telegraph, May 16
So now we should hang our heads in shame for liberating 50 million people, spending over $100 billion to pay for reconstruction and giving the lives of nearly 1,000 members of our armed forces?
Maybe if we all chip in the USOC can buy themselves a new moral compass.
Posted by: Fresh Air at May 18, 2004 12:22 PMCosmo: "Savoy's reasoning makes the moral case against U.S. participation in World War II. After all, he could argue that an attack on a distant military installation outside the U.S. (Hawaii wasn't a state, yet) was hardly pretext for the violence which followed, that we killed more of them than they of us . . . and that we provoked them with our embargo, blah, blah, blah."
Well done Cosmo! You've mastered the 'Bush conflation.' Unless of course you believe that Saddam attacked us on 9/11/01.
Posted by: Madison at May 18, 2004 12:30 PMI have to scratch my head when I read "the right to life is so fundamental that killing the innocent to advance the cause of freedom of electoral choice or any other purpose, however worthy, must be regarded as wrong." He probably sees nothing wrong with abortion which does the same thing but it gives "freedom" to the women and men who just don't want to raise a child.
Posted by: JohnT at May 18, 2004 12:40 PMTano,
There is a perfectly good reason that morality is only trotted out when our interests are at stake.
Intervention has its costs.
What is best is when both the intervenor and those under the thumb of the tyrant profit from his removal.
If you want something done in the world make it profitable.
This is in fact as it ought to be. Intervention should not be easy. Even if it is right.
Posted by: M. Simon at May 18, 2004 01:10 PMAfter the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, we launched the Dolittle Raid. Then we invaded Morrocco and other countries in No. Africa and then Sicilly and then France.
Why? These countries did not bomb us at Pearl Harbor. What was our justification?
We were attacked. It was determined that the goal of the US was to win the war rather than lose the war. To win the war we had to defeat the enemy. The enemy was a large number of countries that were allied together in various degrees for the purpose of taking over the world.
It made sense to pick off the bad guys with the easiest targets being first, hence North Africa and Sicily.
Some of the arguments I have seen would suggest that the only moral response would have been to arrest and bring to trial Hitler. Others would suggest that the only moral response would have been to wait until Japan or Germany invaded the US before we defended ourselves.
I also believe that if Hitler had not made the idiotic mistake of invading Russia, the allies would have lost the war, or won with far greater loss of lives. We sent huge amounts of aid to Russia. Did it help the US? Yep. Was it a good thing? Yep. Was it because of altruism? I would argue that it was because of enlightened self-interest.
It is in our self interest to keep the bad guys from blowing us up. It is in our self interest to drain the swamps of the world and kill the bad guys where they may be found. It is in our self-interest to see that Iraq is prosperous and democratic and non-supportive of the bad guys trying to kill us.
It would also be in our enlightened self interest if all the world was happy and prosperous, self governing, productive and non-supportive of bad guys. Does this make our motivation evil because we benefit? I don't think so.
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 01:14 PMAfter the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, we launched the Dolittle Raid. Then we invaded Morrocco and other countries in No. Africa and then on to Sicilly and then on to France.
Why? These countries did not bomb us at Pearl Harbor. What was our justification?
We were attacked. It was determined that the goal of the US was to win the war rather than lose the war. To win the war we had to defeat the enemy. The enemy was a large number of countries that were allied together in various degrees for the purpose of taking over the world.
It made sense to pick off the bad guys with the easiest targets being first, hence North Africa and Sicily.
Some of the arguments I have seen would suggest that the only moral response would have been to arrest and bring to trial Hitler. Others would suggest that the only moral response would have been to wait until Japan or Germany invaded the US before we defended ourselves.
If Hitler had not made the idiotic mistake of invading Russia, the allies would have lost the war, or won with far greater loss of life. We sent huge amounts of aid to Russia. Did it help the US? Yep. Was it a good thing? Yep. Was it because of altruism? I would argue that it was because of enlightened self-interest.
It is in our self interest to keep the bad guys from blowing us up. It is in our self interest to drain the swamps of the world and kill the bad guys where they may be found. It is in our self-interest to see that Iraq is prosperous and democratic and non-supportive of the bad guys trying to kill us.
It would also be in our enlightened self interest if all the world was happy and prosperous, self governing, productive and non-supportive of bad guys. Does this make our motivation evil because we benefit? I don't think so.
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 01:19 PMSorry for the double posting.
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 01:20 PMWhy do I feel that the liberal rationalization of the the evilness of our war in Iraq would somehow be different if it was being done by a liberal Democrat instead of a conservative Republican?
Why do I feel that the so-called progressive movement has sold out its core principles in order to score some partisan political points?
Posted by: Seismic at May 18, 2004 01:24 PM"Why do I feel that the liberal rationalization of the the evilness of our war in Iraq would somehow be different if it was being done by a liberal Democrat instead of a conservative Republican?"
Because you see strawmen everywhere you look.
Posted by: Madison at May 18, 2004 01:32 PMNow that we agree on something, how would you accomplish that change?
--easy, stop aiding the military and police forces in Jordan, since they are known to engage in surveillance of democratic opposition groups and to engage in their repression. That'd be one good place to start. But tell me where the will for that would be on either side of the aisle?
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 01:38 PMMadison,
There is some evidence that he was shooting at our military aircraft well before 9/11. Afterwards too.
Posted by: M. Simon at May 18, 2004 01:38 PMcalibar:
At that point it might be time to go on another "WMD" search to resolve the crisis of this threat to American values
Translation: Everyone who disagrees with me is a liar.
Don't engage in debate with people who consider slander to be a legit debate tactic.
Posted by: Jeff Licquia at May 18, 2004 01:50 PMTano:
In other words, can we take the moralist arguments seriously, or are we to conclude that they are merely ad hoc justifications of this particular war, trotted out to mobilize the masses to oppose a dictator who is no longer protecting our interests?
Either the moral arguments are right, or they are wrong. Whether they are "trotted out" in an "ad hoc" manner does not change the facts on the ground one bit.
Refutation by character assassination is still a fallacy, last I checked.
Posted by: Jeff Licquia at May 18, 2004 01:54 PMAs if it was different under Saddam, right Calibar?
--no, but our support of saddam and subsequent hypocritical sanctions surely did quite a bit to convince average Iraqis that we weren't that sincere in our support of their interest in getting rid of Saddam by themselves.
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If we had only been kind to Saddam and allowed him to exercise his will in any direction he pleased, none of this would be happening, right?
--actually, probably yes. albeit there was no need to be 'kind', the US could have negotiated quite a bit with him, he was actually known in the aftermath of the war to be wanting to negotiate with the US on a whole series of issues, it was the US that said, 'forget it man'. Once we said that we were going to keep sanctions on after he left Kuwait and wouldn't leave them until he was replaced as leader, well all bets were off for negotiations of any sort. Now, I know that idea is offensive to you, but if it could be done with Qaddaffi and countless other official enemies, including the Taliban even in the aftermath of 911, and at the present with Sadr [yes, I know it's unappealing, but that good General Dempsey has been negotiating with him for quite a while now through official and unofficial channels, ditto the fallujah fighters], well., yeah i'd say this military adventure in Iraq wasn't necessary.
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Basically what you're saying is that UNICEF and WHO were full of it . . . on that we can agree.
--no, i didn't say that at all.
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Yes, a system that was starved by several hundred corrupt, unelected and unaccountable UN officials, let's not forget that, although I'm sure Calibar still believes it all our fault.
--wrong, the UN didn't design the sanctions that the US imposed on Iraq, nor the conditions for the regimen.
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I again argue that a successful democracy in Iraq is the best way to accomplish that change in Jordan, and all the other totalitarian states nearby. What is your solution? And please, don't say "getting rid of poverty", we've already been over that.
--there are few that believe that increasing poverty will lead toward more democracy. you'd be silly if you didn't think there wasn't a tie between the authoritarian structures of politics in the mideast and who is protected economically by that structure.
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Are you saying that whether there are sanctions or their aren't sanctions or Saddam is in power or Saddam is out of power whatever has happened and will happen in Iraq is the fault of the United States?
--well, i'm not sure who else we can blame at this point. Uruguay?
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Please explain. In particular, please explain how, given his past actions, you are quite certain he would never begin any other wars or initiate any further campaigns against Kurds and Shiites.
--very few mideast analysts believe that that was a likelihood, it wasn't one that was of great concern to the US, it was never even brought up as a reason for the official invasion. moreover if you look at what human rights groups have written, it's quite clear that the absolute worst atrocities occured over a decade ago and mostly when the US was sponsoring Saddam's war ventures. There was plenty of room for other options with Saddam aside from war, it's really only stubborn incapacity to admit that that leads one, even at this point, to deny that the war lobby greatly oversold the 'necessity' of war on either 'self-defense' grounds or 'humanitarian' grounds.
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It would also be in our enlightened self interest if all the world was happy and prosperous, self governing, productive and non-supportive of bad guys.
--what if the good guys end up demanding that the US leave Iraq, no bases, permanent or temporary?
or what if, god forbid, they don't open up their oil to foreign investment as the US hopes? Or, what if the democratically elected government of Iraq aligns with Chavez in Venezuela? Are you sure the US will stand for such democracy? How much democracy can you stand? Even more important how much democracy can the president of the US--republican or democrat--stand?
Punslinger:
"It would also be in our enlightened self interest if all the world was happy and prosperous, self governing, productive and non-supportive of bad guys. Does this make our motivation evil because we benefit? I don't think so."
If America really wants the world to stop supporting "bad guys", wouldn't it be a logical step to stop financing/supporting dictatorships?
The U.S. has a long history of propping up corrupt leaders as long as they don't inhibit trade and provided that they surpress any indigenous socialist/Marxist movements. (Examples? Just look at a map of South America for starters. Also, the U.S. has a penchant for installing puppet governments...Sept. 11, 1973 in Chile, remember?)
We are all in agreement of one thing: freedom should be accessible to everyone. Where we diverge is how far countries should go to expand freedom, globally. I don't think that invading Iraq was the right move, at least not without the support of the U.N. It wasn't planned out enough & we are seeing the fallout from this failure of leadership right now on the ground in Iraq.
How would the U.S. feel if it were invaded by a foreign power and given Economic Freedom (at gunpoint)? (Right now, capitalism is the prevailing form of economics practiced in the U.S. Imagine if Canada conquered the U.S. and forced you to adopt our form of economic theory? Ie. more socialist, free healthcare, etc.)
Also, it is no coincidence that Islamic people all around the world are being ganged up on (Chechnya, Palestine, etc.). They are disenfranchised and angry that the most powerful nation in the world thinks that they're the "bad guys". When you're called evil, it is too easy to play the role.
Posted by: Jeremy Brendan at May 18, 2004 01:58 PMTo Mr. Totten:
Thank you for your excellent piece which makes clear the liberal justification for expanding the war on terror into Iraq, and also for demonstrating how Mr. Savoy's argument thoroughly repudiates the classical liberal tradition. I agree with Jim that the transit from the classical position to the contemporary one has been a divergence which leaves classical liberalism almost completely at odds with its contemporary incarnation.
In essence, the divergence has, in the post-9/11 setting, left America with an opportunity to herald principles of freedom and security throughout the world by incorporating both moralistic and practical components into the war itself. Iraq and Afghanistan are now examples of these efforts, by distinguishing between the enemy we seek to eliminate and the peoples there we seek to help. The peoples of Iraq and Afghanistan have suffered in the past by tyrannical regimes which indeed supported terrorism, both directly and indirectly.
There is a necessary link between those states which sponsor, harbor, and otherwise support terrorism and the plight which the common peoples of those states face. For instance, sanctions against Iraq after the first Gulf War were necessary to prevent Hussein from using his resources to wage offensive wars. One argument against the sanctions was that the people suffered as a result of imposition of international law against Hussein's regime. However, that argument was really an argument against Hussein's regime in the first place. If Hussein had not waged offensive war into Kuwait to resolve a border dispute, there would not have been an international coalition united against his actions, which repelled the invasion and made several demands on Iraq's future ability to wage aggressive war, then the ceasefire agreement, subsequent resolutions, and the sanctions would have never been necessary.
Instead, after 12 long years of "containment," it was clear that the situation was left festering. Iraq would not account for the WMD which we know she had, she would not abide by the international agreements and obligations which she had, and furthermore supported terrorist organizations both monetarily and by allowing safe harbor. In the post-9/11 setting, the situation, taken on its own was unacceptable, for the reasons stated, namely, that international laws and conventions were being trampled by the rogue state of Iraq. By enforcing those agreements, instead, the coalition has added strength and accountability to international accords. Conventions mean nothing, and are not worth the paper they are printed on, when they are not enforced.
Enforcing the resolutions has had many benefits. Operation Iraqi Freedom was appropriately named because the obvious implication of enforcing the resolutions was regime change. And if regime change was necessary to replace Hussein's regime, then it would have to be replaced with something - presumably something better... Hence, Iraq is now in the process of developing a constitutional government of the republican form, incorporating federal and democratic modes. Newly found freedom has the most direct benefit for the peoples who participate in it peacefully, as in Iraq and Afghanistan.
However, the risks are also paramount. Global and regional terrorist interests are attempting to fill a power vacuum, however these efforts do not accomplish much more than murder. They do not acquire political power by this means, and they do not come close to derailing the progress made by the Iraqi people with the aid of the coalition. If a benefits-analysis is taken for Iraq (and Afghanistan), then thus far in an historical context, the war on terror has been an extraordinary success!
Obe has posited an interesting dilemma, too: "I guess I am confused why those who would normally accept a moral arguement for war are tying themselves into pretzels to deny that moral aspect with regards to Iraq simply because the ends do indeed converge with national interest. Thoughts?"
In my opinion, moral arguments are easier to process, and arguments for the national interest are necessarily self-interested, and therefore perceived as selfish. When moral arguments and prudential arguments coincide, this leaves those who normally argue against prudence and realism generally with quite the dilemma, namely, how can moralists and realists work together? My thought is that these folks are just playing partisan politics with the traditional dichotomy of the foreign policy school. In other words, conventional wisdom holds that idealism and realism are not supposed to get along, and to that extent, those that can continue to play that line will continue to do so, so long as that debate is not challenged. However, when it is demonstrated that a real war (not abstract) clearly has both moral and practical dimensions, this will put those who hate realism through a philosophical fit. Literally, by demonstrating that a war is both morally right and practical, too, rubs many the wrong way. But I argue, how can one justify a moral pursuit in the real world without it being practical? In other words, what good is a moral pursuit if it is not possible? So, the war on terror is a moral pusuit, because it spreads freedom and self-governance, and it serves the national interest because in doing so, the balance of power is strengthened, as it is proveable that democracies do not wage war against one another, for the most part. In this sense, there are many moral dimensions to the realist conceptions. The challenge for moralists is to find practical means to achieve moral ends which service the national interest.
Any other thoughts on how expanding the war on terror into Iraq has serviced the national interest? I usually argue from the moralistic standpoint, but I see the need for moral ends to be justified prudentially. Therefore, I'm not the best person to argue the realist point of view, though it seems clear to me that spreading freedom and self-governance, whether it be in the republican, democratic, or liberal forms, adds to the balance of power. Another realist argument would have to do with the fact that being protected by two vast oceans is no longer sufficient with regards to the global threat of terrorism. In addition, global involvement and participation in the war against terrorism is necessary, for similar rationale, because terrorism is a transnational danger which threatens us all.
Posted by: Robert J. Romano at May 18, 2004 02:00 PMOK, M.Simon, where is the evidence? And if so, our only recourse was to take over the entire country?
Posted by: Madison at May 18, 2004 02:03 PMTano:
If self-interested actions also happen to be consistent with the morally right thing to do, but your decision to do them really derives from a consistent application of self-interest, do you have the right to claim a moral justification?
To the extent that such a thing exists as "the morally right thing to do", then yes, you have a right to claim it to the extent that your actions are consistent with it.
To the extent that it doesn't, then your ability to claim moral authority only extends as far as your ability to muster agreement amongst your peers, by whatever means.
In either case, motive is entirely irrelevant.
It's good to examine people's motivations when looking at their actions in the aggregate with an eye to improving them, but motive has no relevance to the rightness or wrongness of any individual act.
Posted by: Jeff Licquia at May 18, 2004 02:07 PM"It's good to examine people's motivations when looking at their actions in the aggregate with an eye to improving them, but motive has no relevance to the rightness or wrongness of any individual act."
I guess you don't much like the U.S. justice system, then.
Posted by: Madison at May 18, 2004 02:13 PMIraq would not account for the WMD which we know she had,
--wow, it's dick cheney sending comments today! this is exciting.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 02:20 PMObe,
I disagree with one of your assertions, one of your assumptions. Then I will get to your question.
I do think that the moral justifications are basically spin. The reason is, is that interventions come onto the political radar as a function of whether there is a national interest at stake. There may be disagreement on that score, but if the president in power decides that there is, then we will intervene. If not, then not. If we intervene, then, and only then, do the moral questions come up. In obvious cases, like stopping genocide in the Balkans, the way is pretty clear. In ambiguous cases, or when there really isnt much of a moral case, then the spin begins. The marketing stratgey, if you will.
Presidents have inherint credibility with the broad middle of America. If they claim that the enemy is bad, and that the side we take are "freedom fighters", then the people will believe, irrespective of whether it is true or not. Who knows what is going on in distant jungles or small villages on the other side of the world? If some reporter or writer goes there and brings back a different story, they will be ignored in general, or denounced for one reason or another. If you read the blogs you can see that there are legions of armchair propagandists willing to pile on with the dirty work against anyone who contradicts there heros - on both sides.
Youi assume that all those who supported the moral case in the Balkans are now running away from the moral argument in Iraq. That is a generalization whose relevance to this discussion I dont see. I havent expressed any opinion on the Balkans here, and I havent even argued a point on iraq - I have just been asking questions about what the real motivations of others are.
Iraq poses in interesting case. I would claim that there was no real moral motivation to begin with. From what I can discern, I sense that Bush wanted Saddam out, and would have been satisfied with another authoritarian in his place. Obviously not someone who would immediatly start gassing or torturing his opponents - that definitly wouldnt look good. But no grand Wilsonian dreams either. Just look at the charge given to Jay Garner, and the general military plan. Light, swift, agile force, taking out the dictator, then turning things over to someone like Chalabi. And then let him pacify the country using whatever means necessary. Just like a very long list of interventions that we have undertaken. The plan fell apart because the Baathists melted away, and the whole infrastructure collapsed, and suddenly we owned a very broken place. And there were no WMD to justify the invasion. Suddenly we were left with trying to build something back up, and obviously we could only do that along democratic lines - since it was now a very public enterprise.
I think that the Democratic moralists have not been all that inconsistent here. They understood all along that democracy was not the goal - the goal was to eliminate a threat, one that was not real. Saddam was not al-Q, and precious few war supporters, to this day, seem able to confront that fact. But once we were in, then the Dems acknowledge that we must leave it in a much better way. Look to the positions of someone like Dean for instance. He has never taken a cut and run attitude, and has claimed that, now we are there, we better do right by the people.
Posted by: Tano at May 18, 2004 02:30 PM"Iraq poses in interesting case. I would claim that there was no real moral motivation to begin with."
Sure there was! Enforcing international law. Laws are inherently moral constructs. Iraq violated UNSC Resolutions, which have the weight of the law of nations. And Article I, Section 8 of the federal Constitution gives to Congress to define and punish offenses against the law of nations. That power being constitutional demonstrates that any decision to enforce the law of nations, made by Congress and implemented by the President, is indeed moral.
"I do think that the moral justifications are basically spin."
Then you must also believe, to be consistent, that the power enumerated in the Constitution to define and punish offenses against the law of nations is just "spin" and has no bearing. However, that's misguided. Constitutional powers clearly do have weight.
"[I]nterventions come onto the political radar as a function of whether there is a national interest at stake."
Well, if you're a pure realist, and believe that moral considerations do not play in international relations. But if you're a pure realist, then you probably think international law is just "spin," right? My point here is that the legal case that was made for OIF is exactly like a moral case, though the added benefit of making a completely moral case is one gets to discuss the benefits of enforcing the international resolutions. For instance, the resolutions never mandated a democratic form of government in Iraq, but morally speaking, by replacing the Hussein regime, it had to be replaced with a better form of government that would respect the law of nations.
You can ignore moral arguments as a general rule, I suppose, but then you also have to ignore any legal institution, and in extension, constitutions. If you're a pure realist, then there is no need for moral or legal arguments, right?
Posted by: Robert J. Romano at May 18, 2004 02:50 PMCalibar's DNC talking points (DU talking points?) are breathtaking in their willful misreading of both the aims of the war in Iraq and the rationale for it.
very few mideast analysts believe that that was a likelihood, it wasn't one that was of great concern to the US, it was never even brought up as a reason for the official invasion. moreover if you look at what human rights groups have written, it's quite clear that the absolute worst atrocities occured over a decade ago and mostly when the US was sponsoring Saddam's war ventures. There was plenty of room for other options with Saddam aside from war, it's really only stubborn incapacity to admit that that leads one, even at this point, to deny that the war lobby greatly oversold the 'necessity' of war on either 'self-defense' grounds or 'humanitarian' grounds.
Here is the logic behind the purely defensive grounds:
1. The Bush Doctrine says we will not allow terrorist threats or state sponsorship of terrorism to grow unchecked.
2. Saddam Hussein was an unchecked threat insofar as he presided over an autocratic and tyrannical regime that posessed massive amounts of weaponry, had sophisticated WMD programs underway, and could operate with near autonomy even in the presence of U.N. weapons inspectors.
3. Saddam H. was a sworn enemy of the U.S. who fought us and his neighbors on multiple occasions, tried to assasinate the first President Bush, and who would gladly do us harm in any way possible.
4. Given the ridiculously structured "Oil-for-Food" program, Saddam had a ready stream of cash totaling in the billions of dollars annually to pay for his palaces and advanced weaponry.
5. Given his autonomy, access to large amounts of cash, relationships with terrorist groups and fellow dictatorships, it is reasonable to assume that Saddam could easily acquire for himself, or funnel to terrorist groups, staggeringly lethal weapons for use against the U.S. and Israel.
6. S.H. was viewed as an unstable, and therefore unpredictable, actor.
7. Given all of the above, combined with NUMEROUS ADDITIONAL REASONS, it was decided Saddam should be removed from power.
All of this B.S. about there being "one reason" for going to war (e.g. WMD) is a liberal echo-chamber meme that never had any basis in fact. It was Tony Blair's obsession with obtaining additional U.N. resolutions that led the U.S. to present the highly legalistic case, to which was added additional evidence, some of it unnecessary, by Colin Powell.
AND YET even if the hypertechnical case is the one that has to be made, IT HAS BEEN. For David Kay's report did in fact find Saddam was in material breach of numerous U.N. weapons-related resolutions.
I will not rehash the humanitarian grounds for war, as they have been amply made already. But Calibar's claim about the U.S. supporting Saddam when he was committing his worst atrocities is both unsupported and venomous--straight from the sewers of the Democratic Underground. The U.S. cut off all weapons sales to S.H. in 1983. Prior to that time we sold him a small amount of weaponry that totaled 2% of his arsenal. The Russians, Chinese and French sold him over 80%. Suffice to say that S.H. has been killing with abandon since he has been in power. Our one-time support is not relevant. Nor is what we did in the past relevant to how we behave today or in the future. We were allies with the Russians once too.
Calibar further bravely says we needn't have gone to war. Terribly big of you. I'm sure the 25 million Iraqis will thank you for your sentiment.
So how many more Iraqis would be dead in the meantime, while our troops sat idly in the desert as the U.N.'s Keystone Cops conducted their scavenger hunts?
Posted by: Fresh Air at May 18, 2004 03:05 PMCalibar further bravely says we needn't have gone to war. Terribly big of you.
Hmm. And Fresh Air is bravely fighting in Iraq?
I'm sure the 25 million Iraqis will thank you for your sentiment.
Impressive mind reading powers there, F.E. Have you seen the latest Iraqi polls? How about the news, have you been keeping an eye on events these days? There seems to be some kind of simmering resentment...
Posted by: double-plus-ungood at May 18, 2004 03:57 PMRobert,
First off, I disagree with you that "laws are eseentially moral constructs". I dont believe that this is the case even on the domestic level, but certainly not on the international level. International law is a negotiated set of procedures reflecting the common interests of nations. There is nothing "moral" about establishing a United Nations which gives the Soviets a veto. It was done for purely practical reasons to provide mechanisms that might serve to forestall or circumvent armed conflict. Another relevant example is the Geneva conventions. These were negotiated and agreed to so that we could increase the chance that our soldiers would be well treated if taken prisoner - by agreeing to treat our enemies well. It was a practical agreement, not a moral stand - as is evident by the Bush administrations efforts to try every way possible to get around them. I suspect that they feel that since al-Q is not likely to abide by the conventions, then there is no need for us to bother with them either - i.e. they operate only as a deal amongst enemies, not as a moral position that we feel a need to uphold irrespective of the actions of others.
HAving said all that, I dont feel that there is anything wrong with attempting to enforce the agreements of the Security Council. But that need not have necessarily led to war. Your arguments have merit against a position of doing nothing at all, but "doing nothing" or "invading" were not the only options.
Your reference to the constituion merely speaks of what may or may not be constitutional, hence legal under our system of laws. It is not a moral argument.
I do not consider myself a "pure realist" as you seem to define it. And I do not agree that international law is pure spin. It is not spin at all. It is the body of agreement on issues of common interest arrived at by nation states, each of whom is pursuing their own interest. It is not morally based, but rather based on mutual enlightened self interest.
Posted by: Tano at May 18, 2004 04:13 PM"Refutation by character assassination is still a fallacy, last I checked."
AH,,,yeah. But Jeffery, I have no idea what you are talking about. I dont see what on earth I said that could possibly be construed as character assaniation.
Do you object to "ad hoc"?
I thought that I laid out a pretty good case (one could go on for hours of course) about how these principles are used sometimes, and ignored at other times. If you define for yourself a moral principle of giving donations to your church, but you then only actually do so by buying tickets to the church raffle, wiht the hope of winning a prize, then can you claim that you are thereby acting out your moral principle? I dont think so. I think the appropriate phrase would be "ad hoc application of principle to justify self-interested behavior".
Or did you object to my use of "trotting out"?
Gee, all of a sudden we have put the bar pretty high for acceptable language. This is character assasination??????
So does this mean that if my neighbor is a total tyrant to his kids and wife, I should rightfully get my gun, march over to his house and threaten him or maybe just shoot the bastard and free the wife and kids?
September 11th didn't really change anything other than allow Americans to feel the same thing that goes on in other countries daily. However, we still are isolated, watching botox filled actors pretending to be journalists spew forth "news" which only serves to inflame our already inflamed nationalistic egos.
We have no idea what it's like to be an Iraqi, either before or after Saddam. The Iraqis do though and the Iraqis really need to be listened to and allowed to make their own determination. the only thing in the way of this is the self-righteous American ego and a guy named George Bush.
Posted by: Marc at May 18, 2004 04:31 PMDouble-Plus--
You are a moron. I am too old to fight in Iraq. Besides, whether I fought in Iraq, Khe Sahn or Normandy is irrelevant to my right to an opinion, just like yours. You may also note that the U.S. Constitution specifically provides for civillian control over the military. Ultimately, the most important decisions about deployment of our military forces will ALWAYS be made by people who are NOT in the military.
As to your other point: Polls indicating "simmering resentment" as you put it do not refute the idea that we have made the Iraqis immeasurably better off by removing their odious dictator from power. Show me the poll that says they want Saddam back running things again.
I'm waiting...
Posted by: Fresh Air at May 18, 2004 04:41 PMMarc, try these three things on for size:
You are not congruent with your country. Things that are appropriae for your country to do may not be appropiate for you to do. And vice-versa.
What does an inflamed nationalist ego look like?
How does the Self-Righteous American Ego and its sockpuppet George W. Bush hide the truth of the Iraqi condition from you? As a corollary, how would their absence make the Iraqi condition any more clear?
Posted by: Mark Poling at May 18, 2004 05:13 PMSo does this mean that if my neighbor is a total tyrant to his kids and wife, I should ...just shoot the bastard and free the wife and kids?
If the tyranny includes murder and absolute oppression, and if there is no law enforcement body and no other way to stop him, then the answer is yes.
Posted by: Jim at May 18, 2004 05:33 PMIs living at any cost, by any means living?
Posted by: Monadire at May 18, 2004 05:54 PMMarc: So does this mean that if my neighbor is a total tyrant to his kids and wife, I should rightfully get my gun, march over to his house and threaten him or maybe just shoot the bastard and free the wife and kids?
No, but the police should stop your neighbor. There is no international globo cop (the UN enforces NOTHING) so this analogy doesn't work at all.
If you lived in anarchy then, yes, you should stop your neighbor from abusing his children if you want to do something to build some kind of a civilized order in your neck of the woods. And if you didn't stop that neighbor of yours, odds are very high that he'll hurt people outside his own house, like you for instance.
Posted by: Michael J. Totten at May 18, 2004 05:57 PMOops. You made a bit of sense until you utter the phrase "A September 10th person," indicating that you believe that the war on Iraq is in some way related to terrorism. This is essentially like equating plaque on your teeth with the Easter bunny. It's with these kinds of bizarre leaps from reality that both rightward-leaning and leftward-leaning folks lose me in theor audience.
Posted by: Jonathan Feinberg at May 18, 2004 06:06 PMIt is pointless to argue with Calibar. S/he is a sophist who attacks everyone else but fails to offer any solutions.
Posted by: Ben at May 18, 2004 06:47 PM> So does this mean that if my neighbor is a ?
> total tyrant to his kids and wife, I should
> rightfully get my gun, march over to his house
> and threaten him or maybe just shoot the
> bastard and free the wife and kids?
If the police can't or won't effectively deal with him, even though the guy is actually on parole for murder, rape, and home invasion, and if he's been violating his parole for the last 12 years, and if he's been paying off members of the city council to look the other way on those violations, and meanwhile, if he's also paying some local thugs to kill family members of one of your favorite neighbors, and furthermore, if his parole stipulated that he'd get rid of his three vicious pit bulls who've already killed two neighborhood kids, but there's no real conclusive evidence he's ever gotten rid of them, even though he insists he has, but the FedEx guy just delivered a big bag of dog food to the guy's house, and meanwhile, if there's a rich, psychopathic serial killer wandering around the neighborhood, and you're starting to worry that he'll buy one of those pit bulls from the neighbor, and turn it loose on your kids and your neighbors' kids--
-- if all those things obtain, why yes, I do think it'd be a good idea shoot the bastard and free his wife and kids. Why don't you?
Posted by: Wagner at May 18, 2004 06:53 PMI find it fascinating a this late date that the portion of The Left that The Nation represents still thinks there is anything to be gained by "debating" the morality of 'The War'. Operations commenced over a year ago. As citizens we were debating the morality, advisability and necessity of preemptive action in Iraq two years ago. To what purpose does The Nation and Mr. Savoy argue? There is nothing in his article we have not seen presented before...more than once.
MJT, you may be repelled by The Nation's refusal to do anything other than shrug at that portion of the world's suffering that does not further their domestic political agenda, but there is another factor at play here: relevance. Perhaps another reason for ditching The Nation is the suspicion that people like Mr. Savoy simply have nothing to say about the real issue: Being where we are today, how do we make Iraq a success for both the U.S. and the Iraqi people.
The Iraq War cannot be undone. Somehow much of The Left that it can be if only Bush is undone in November. But it becomes harder, with each passing day, to avoid the conclusion that vast stretches of The Left no longer possess the intellectual capacity or the knowledge to contribute to the resolution of what constitutes the primary issue of the day. Instead it obsesses on the one issue, the 'Wrongness of Iraq', that was settled in everyone's mind quite a while ago. The issue isn't the morality of what we have done, the issue is whether we can bring what we have started to a successful conclusion. The Nation, as represented by people like Pollitt, Corn, Cockburn and Savoy do not understand this, and it appears they never will.
If John Kerry wins this November, it will not be because undecided voters come to the conclusion that the Iraq War was an immoral act by George Bush. He will win because undecided voters come to the conclusion that he does not have the capacity to make Iraq a viable nation and a successful part of the War on Terror. The refusal by people like Mr. Savoy to address reality is simply an abdication of responsibility on their part and further confirmation of their impotence in all matters of importance today.
"First off, I disagree with you that 'laws are eseentially moral constructs'. I dont believe that this is the case even on the domestic level, but certainly not on the international level."
Fair enough, though I have to state that laws are indeed moral in their nature. That which is morally right is just and that which is morally wrong is unjust. Take natural law, or a common code of conduct between all human beings. This is exactly like a law of nations, or a common code of conduct between all nation-states.
Without knowledge of right and wrong, how can laws be considered just or not? Is an unjust law any law at all? What basis is there for justice without morality?
To answer the question, there is no basis for justice without considerations of right and wrong. In order to promulgate a law, one must consider what the law should be in the first place. Any question of what should be is necessarily moral.
"International law is a negotiated set of procedures reflecting the common interests of nations."
I agree, but they do not merely reflect common interests, but also common values and norms. Laws are not followed because of expedience, they are followed because it is right to do so. While one can argue that it is not in one's interests to avoid following the law, or to break it, the principle of the rule of law applies such that no one may break the law and further, that one ought to follow the law because then one is consistent with universal norms of behavior. Morality assumes that only right, or morally justified choices should be considered, and finally made, under all circumstances, and regardless of other possibilities or choices available. Right choices are made in accordance with absolute principles of judgment and universal codes of behavior.
If law did not have its basis in morality, then there would not be laws which protect the rights of others. We have the duty to follow those laws which are just, and to change those which are unjust. If laws were merely practical agreements, they would be breached as soon as it was practically expedient to do so. Common interests, values, and norms are necessarily moral, because then principles apply in all cases. Laws without principles would not apply. There has to be some sense of duty in order for the rule of law to be followed.
Laws distinguish between right and wrong behavior. Right behavior is made legal, and wrong behavior is made illegal. This is so in the domestic case, as well as the international case. That it is in everbody's interests to live in a society of laws means that there are universal needs which are fulfilled by having laws in the first place. Decisions made to enforce universal norms of behavior are indeed moral, because unjust, unlawful, and wrong actions are to be punished.
"Is there any one maxim which ought to be acted upon throughout one's whole life? Surely the maxim of loving kindness is such: Do not unto others what you would not they should do unto you."
Analects (Confucian)
Sure there was! Enforcing international law. Laws are inherently moral constructs. Iraq violated UNSC Resolutions, which have the weight of the law of nations.
-- Actually, never in history was a weaker legal case made for the invasion of Iraq
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 08:20 PM
Punslinger:
"It would also be in our enlightened self interest if all the world was happy and prosperous, self governing, productive and non-supportive of bad guys. Does this make our motivation evil because we benefit? I don't think so."
If America really wants the world to stop supporting "bad guys", wouldn't it be a logical step to stop financing/supporting dictatorships?
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If we had infinite resources and power, we would be able to solve all of the worlds problems. Although we are powerful, our power and resources are finite. Therefore we have to pick and choose the battles we fight with the overall goal of surviving and winning.
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The U.S. has a long history of propping up corrupt leaders as long as they don't inhibit trade and provided that they surpress any indigenous socialist/Marxist movements. (Examples? Just look at a map of South America for starters. Also, the U.S. has a penchant for installing puppet governments...Sept. 11, 1973 in Chile, remember?)
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At one time we gave aid to Saddam, playing him off against Iran. Now he has been un-propped.
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We are all in agreement of one thing: freedom should be accessible to everyone. Where we diverge is how far countries should go to expand freedom, globally. I don't think that invading Iraq was the right move, at least not without the support of the U.N. It wasn't planned out enough & we are seeing the fallout from this failure of leadership right now on the ground in Iraq.
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I keep hearing references to a plan or lack of a plan. Rumsfield was asked about a week or two into the war about the plan being changed. He responded that the reporter did not have the plan.
What would this plan look like? One sheet, two sheets, a thick folio, something on the order of ten telephone books?
The progress in Iraq is phenomenal, if you look at things like restoration of schools, hospitals, clinics, utilities, the whole infrastructure that was neglected during Saddams' reign.
Terrorists from all over the region are sliding in to fight and cause trouble. We are killing them as we find them. These terrorists are being supported by Iran and Syria and other neighboring countries who want to see us fail.
If you compare this reconstruction to that of Germany (five years) and Japan (six years) we are well ahead of those two examples.
If I was writing a plan for Iraq, I would focus on the utilities, schools, clinics, rebuilding the police system and military and slowing turning more and more goverment over to the Iraqis as fast as they can accept the responsibility. Golly! It sounds pretty much like what the US is already doing. The statement that there is no plan has never been convincing to me.
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How would the U.S. feel if it were invaded by a foreign power and given Economic Freedom (at gunpoint)? (Right now, capitalism is the prevailing form of economics practiced in the U.S. Imagine if Canada conquered the U.S. and forced you to adopt our form of economic theory? Ie. more socialist, free healthcare, etc.)
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Are you arguing that we are forcing freedom upon people that would much prefer to live with torture, terror, and oppression under a dictatorship?
Freedom is oppression?
Are you arguing that we can't defend ourselves outside of our borders because we would not like it if Canada invaded us?
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Also, it is no coincidence that Islamic people all around the world are being ganged up on (Chechnya, Palestine, etc.). They are disenfranchised and angry that the most powerful nation in the world thinks that they're the "bad guys". When you're called evil, it is too easy to play the role.
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There are about twenty two conflicts around the world and twenty of them involve Muslims fighting with their neighbors. Moslems in Sudan have slaughtered two million Christians and Animists in the last ten years. Militant Islam has frequently announced its goal of conquering the whole world and installing Sharia Law everywhere.
Your characterization is that moslems all over the world are being picked on. I am not aware of any Buddhists, Christians, Jews, Hindus or any other religious group openly advocating hijacking airplanes, cutting the throats of stewardesses and flying the planes into buildings, or training little children to be suicide bombers and to hate and kill Christians and Jews.
When you are evil and play the role, it is only natural that the most powerful nation in the world thinks of you as a "bad guy".
Does the use of the scare quotes (e.g. "bad guy") reflect your opinion that Osama is not a bad guy, but only a friend that hasn't forgiven us?
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 08:29 PMIs living at any cost, by any means living?
Posted by: Monadire at May 18, 2004 05:54 PM
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This is why many of our forefathers thought it was better to die free than to live as a slave.
-- Actually, never in history was a weaker legal case made for the invasion of Iraq
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 08:20 PM
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I am not sure that there are that many cases for the invasion of Iraq that we can compare this one two. Have there been better cases made? Have other invaders made better cases? Did the Ottoman Turks have a better case? Who else invaded Iraq?
Your link didn't work, BTW.
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 08:39 PMThanks, calibar, for the article.
From the article:
"Congress does not have the authority to decide that Iraq is in 'material breach' of its obligations."
Yes it does. Article I, Section 8 is precise in this regard that Congress shall have the power to define and punish offenses against the law of nations. This is a sovereign power.
"The ceasefire agreement (resolution 687) Iraq signed was with the United Nations -- and only the United Nations Security Council has the right to decide on its compliance or violation."
The United States is a permanent member of the UNSC. Yes, the UNSC does have the power to determine if a member-state is in compliance or violation, but so does the U.S. Congress, pursuant to Article I, Section 8.
Posted by: Robert J. Romano at May 18, 2004 08:40 PM...better to die free than to live as a slave.
Let alone take a 0.02% chance of dying, as Iraqis just did. And let alone the fact that this chance is lower than the chance they faced under another 30 years of the Husseins.
Posted by: Jim at May 18, 2004 08:42 PMCalibar's DNC talking points (DU talking points?)
--really? anyone who reads my posts even carelessly can see I'm not a Dem.
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The Bush Doctrine says we will not allow terrorist threats or state sponsorship of terrorism to grow unchecked.
--so we are about to invade Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan soon. I'm glad to hear it I guess. Let it be your son who goes there, mine's not dying for some right wing fantasy.
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Saddam Hussein was an unchecked threat insofar as he presided over an autocratic and tyrannical regime that posessed massive amounts of weaponry, had sophisticated WMD programs underway, and could operate with near autonomy even in the presence of U.N. weapons inspectors.
--I'd recommend you go read Mr. Powell's comments to Tim Russert and take a cold shower?
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3. Saddam H. was a sworn enemy of the U.S. who fought us and his neighbors on multiple occasions, tried to assasinate the first President Bush, and who would gladly do us harm in any way possible.
--The Bush assasination is likely not true and at least a matter that is disputed [even if the media are afraid to examine the bizarre claims]. No, Saddam was a good friend of the US when he invaded Kuwait. He became an enemy for a relatively short period, suffered embarrassing losses and eagerly sought to negotiate with his former masters. They weren't interested in anything but new puppets to play with.
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4. Given the ridiculously structured "Oil-for-Food" program, Saddam had a ready stream of cash totaling in the billions of dollars annually to pay for his palaces and advanced weaponry.
--odd, in a day and age of post-911 hype, you'd have thought that his neighbors or Israel would have felt greatly threatened. yet, we know the opposite is true, Israel, for one, thought of Iraqi defenses as utterly incapable of posing a threat to them.
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Given his autonomy, access to large amounts of cash, relationships with terrorist groups and fellow dictatorships, it is reasonable to assume that Saddam could easily acquire for himself, or funnel to terrorist groups, staggeringly lethal weapons for use against the U.S. and Israel.
--really? any evidence, outside the payments to suicide bombers, which wasn't a threat to the US in any event. it is now recognised that the AQ-Saddam link was just a war sales pitch.
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6. S.H. was viewed as an unstable, and therefore unpredictable, actor.
--not like our pakistani friends, eh? or saudi friends.
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It was Tony Blair's obsession with obtaining additional U.N. resolutions that led the U.S. to present the highly legalistic case, to which was added additional evidence, some of it unnecessary, by Colin Powell.
--really? go see Mr. Powell's assessment of his speech a year later. you do read these comments, or are they not noticed at all on Rush?
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For David Kay's report did in fact find Saddam was in material breach of numerous U.N. weapons-related resolutions.
--actually it speculated on that and provided exceedingly weak evidence. despite all the $$ and incentives given to IRaqi scientists in the post-invasion period, not a one has provided the US with anything that confirms the gulf of tonkin like claims of so-called 'wmds' in Iraq. or haven't you noticed?
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The U.S. cut off all weapons sales to S.H. in 1983. Prior to that time we sold him a small amount of weaponry that totaled 2% of his arsenal. The Russians, Chinese and French sold him over 80%. Suffice to say that S.H. has been killing with abandon since he has been in power.
-- Really?
How convenient of you to forget how much we funnelled through third countries? or, put less delicately, how many of those 'european companies' were subsidiaries of the US companies? or did you forget that little bit of history?
"Although official U.S. policy still barred the export of U.S. military equipment to Iraq, some was evidently provided on a "don't ask - don't tell" basis. In April 1984, the Baghdad interests section asked to be kept apprised of Bell Helicopter Textron's negotiations to sell helicopters to Iraq, which were not to be "in any way configured for military use" [Document 55]. The purchaser was the Iraqi Ministry of Defense. In December 1982, Bell Textron's Italian subsidiary had informed the U.S. embassy in Rome that it turned down a request from Iraq to militarize recently purchased Hughes helicopters. An allied government, South Korea, informed the State Department that it had received a similar request in June 1983 (when a congressional aide asked in March 1983 whether heavy trucks recently sold to Iraq were intended for military purposes, a State Department official replied "we presumed that this was Iraq's intention, and had not asked.") [Document 44]
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Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 08:59 PMGreat post, Michael. Absolutely wonderful stuff.
When you're criticizing the modern contemporary "Left" on liberal grounds, in essence, from the left...that's when I think you're at your very best. Like a posthumous Scoop Jackson taking pot-shots at what passes for liberalism these days. Attacking the post-modern relativism of it. Reminding of us of a more principled stance.
Kudos. Keep it up.
Posted by: Grant McEntire at May 18, 2004 09:00 PMArticle I, Section 8 is precise in this regard that Congress shall have the power to define and punish offenses against the law of nations. This is a sovereign power.
--not as a member of the UN, unless it is in an act of self-defense, which the Iraq invasion plainly was not.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 09:01 PMWhen you're criticizing the modern contemporary "Left" on liberal grounds, in essence, from the left...that's when I think you're at your very best.
--really? I called michael on two misreadings of the article he claims to be carefully critiquing. any chance you can provide a similar misreading that can be easily refuted by references to the original text?
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 09:02 PMArticle I, Section 8 is precise in this regard that Congress shall have the power to define and punish offenses against the law of nations. This is a sovereign power.
--not as a member of the UN, unless it is in an act of self-defense, which the Iraq invasion plainly was not.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 09:01 PM
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You would be more accurate to say that the self-defense argument is disputed.
I would argue that the invasion of No. Africa, Sicily and France was self-defense and so is the invasion of Iraq similarly self-defense.
Try to draw back and look at the bigger picture.
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 09:10 PMI would say the invasion of Iraq was self defense as Italy's invasion of Ethiopia was self defense.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 09:14 PM"not as a member of the UN"
You're wrong. The UN Charter does not amend Article I of the federal Constitution. Find me where in the UN Charter it states that the U.S. loses its own constitutional powers which were written long ago. Here's the link. Read through and find me where any nation-state loses its own sovereign powers:
http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/
The federal Constitution is clear in the manner in which amendments are to be adopted in Article V. The U.S. retains the powers enumerated in the Constitution. The only way to take out powers that are already written in the Constitution is to have a constitutional amendment.
Posted by: Robert J. Romano at May 18, 2004 09:16 PMI would say the invasion of Iraq was self defense as Italy's invasion of Ethiopia was self defense.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 09:14 PM
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You could compare it to the German invasion of France also and you would still be wrong.
Good news from Iraq - bet you didn't know there was any?
Not recommended for those who don't like their beliefs challenged
http://chrenkoff.blogspot.com/2004_05_16_chrenkoff_archive.html#108493214609755777
Posted by: punslinger at May 18, 2004 09:39 PMYou could compare it to the German invasion of France also and you would still be wrong.
--d'accord, for after all France was about 100x a military threat to Germany than Iraq could have been to the US.
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 10:02 PMya can't make democracy when you're too busy throwing people in jail for no apparent reason
Posted by: calibar at May 18, 2004 10:10 PM
Calibar--
I don't have time to go through your attempted fisk of my post. Your tangled web of old news stories and conspiracy theories makes for a pretty fine tissue of rebuttal.
Okay, you don't believe we should have invaded Iraq. You don't see the point. We had inspectors inspecting, flying the no-fly zones. Saddam may have tossed a few people off of buildings every now and again, but, hey, no skin off your nose!
Lookit. If the primary failure before September 11 was a "failure of imagination"--the inability to conceive airliners could be flown into buildings--how much imagination does it take to visualize Saddam Hussein, a psychopath, acquiring or manufacturing from scratch a WMD and passing it to a terrorist to do us harm?
Before you answer, consider this: The amount of sarin contained in the shell found two days ago, properly mixed and delivered, could kill tens of thousands of people in a well-ventilated, crowded space, like, say, the Superdome. The total amount of chemicals involved could be smuggled in in two one-liter bottles. "But Mohammed, I didn't know they made wine in Basrah." "Oh yes, my dear Amir. Iraqi wine is the best! Last week was a very good year..."
Ostrich days are over. All heads out of the sand.
P.S. You never did explain why "Iraqi lives are more important than those of our soldiers." Sorry, my mistake! I guess you didn't say that. I was just saving you the trouble by making the only available argument you have against intervention on humanitarian grounds.
Posted by: Fresh Air at May 18, 2004 11:13 PMYou know, it occurs to me that Michael's original "Kitty Genovese's neighbors" analogy is not quite appropos. The question before us is not, "Should the average citizen risk their life to prevent a violent murder?" The appropriate question before us is, "Should an uncontested superpower with godlike military might take action to prevent a violent murder?" Because that's the debate we have to deal with right now, and it's an unprecedented one.
When journalists described Afghanistan's cities after the fall of the Taliban, here's the words they used to depict US air strikes: "awesome", "so accurate, they were scary". In Kandahar, they observed air strikes against Taliban leadership that were so precise, the JDAMs did not just hit the correct stronghold, while the surrounding buildings were left unscathed-- they'd often hit the leader's office, while the rest of the building was left unscathed. Civilian casualities, relative to the population and to the all previous major wars before then, were miraculously low. This pattern was repeated (for the most part) in Iraq. If Kitty Genovese's knock-kneed accountant neighbor tries to save her by waving a whiffle ball bat menacingly in her attackers' direction, that may be heroic, but it's also foolhardy, and prone to make a bad situation worse. If Kitty Genovese's superbly trained Special Forces neighbor with night vision goggles, a laser scope, and a high-powered rifle in his closet decides to sit her murder out-- well, that's something else entirely, isn't it?
So that's the real context we need to explore this debate in. We need to get a full grip not just on how powerful the US military is, but also, on its uncanny, unprecedented ability to minimize collateral damage. Because that changes the moral calculus drastically. Or as Madeline Albright once told Powell, "What's the point of having this amazing military, when we can't use it for good?"
I say this is an unprecedented debate, because in the history of just war theory, no one has ever even had to factor in a military that was so elegantly powerful, it could remove a tyrannical regime that oppressed millions for 30 years in 3 weeks, while leaving that citizenry virtually unscathed. Few philosophers have seriously considered what the obligations of a near-omnipotent moral actor are-- because, well, that question wasn't very relevant. The only precedents I can think of, offhand, are Socrates' challenge to Glaucon, in The Republic, and-- I hestitate to say this but here it goes-- the theological debate on why God lets bad people do bad things to good people.
Because in real terms, the question, "Why did God let so many Rwandans get massacred?" is actually a quesiton for the US military. And for the politicians who control it.
The American military is not the wrath of God, but on a global level, it kind of is. If a demi-god refuses to use its power to protect good people, even though it would be relatively easy to do so-- morally, that says something. By this refusal, it tells good people that their goodness does not count for anything. It tells bad people that their badness will likely not reap consequences. It tells everyone that all our claims to stand for values and principles mean nothing, and so they should act accordingly. And likewise.
It also tells bad people that we are weak, and afraid, and also an easy target for their predations-- but then, that would suggest morals and enlightened self-interest go together, wouldn't it?
Posted by: Wagner at May 19, 2004 01:52 AMTom Grey,
HA, I'm pretty sure Savoy really, honestly, in his mind believes he is being more morally pure.
I won't grant that presumption any more. There is hardly a leftist position that we don't know with certainty causes more harm than good. Some of their policies may have been plausible 40-50 years ago, but now we know they have failed. They MUST know this, but they can't acknowledge it.
They MUST know that weakness and appeasement invites aggression.
They MUST know that massive government spending, regulation, and high tax rates lead to stagflation, economic decline and high unemployment.
They MUST know that welfare destroys families.
They MUST know that multi-culturalism will bring about tribalism and balkanization.
They MUST know that group rights and group preferences lead to group conflict.
I could go on. The history of the 20th century proves all these facts. If they don't know these things by now, their ignorance is profound. And I don't think they are ignorant. I think they continue to propose failed policies because they want power. Period. They'll keep pitching failed policies as long as voters are stupid enough to keep voting for them.
And for the record, I don't think the Republicans are much better. Ideologically, maybe they are. But now that they are in power, they have become just as addicted to the power that government spending provides as the Democrats.
Posted by: HA at May 19, 2004 03:32 AMHA -- Given your recognition of the moral corruption of the Left and its commitment to treason, do you support measures to prevent them from spreading their destructive ideology? If not, why? As you admit, their sophistry is not only destructive, but also effective.
http://revilo-oliver.com/
Posted by: Revilo Oliver's ghost at May 19, 2004 07:06 AMCalibar--
I don't have time to go through your attempted fisk of my post. Your tangled web of old news stories and conspiracy theories makes for a pretty fine tissue of rebuttal.
--odd, i don't recall any conspiracy theories. why would i want a conspiracy theory anyway, most of them are from right wingers like the birchers, jeff rense, thomas moorer, drudge, etc. types...
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Okay, you don't believe we should have invaded Iraq. You don't see the point. We had inspectors inspecting, flying the no-fly zones. Saddam may have tossed a few people off of buildings every now and again, but, hey, no skin off your nose!
--Turks may have killed a few hundred thousand Kurds, but, hey, no skin off your nose, eh? ditto Indonesia, Guatemala,...
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Lookit. If the primary failure before September 11 was a "failure of imagination"--the inability to conceive airliners could be flown into buildings--how much imagination does it take to visualize Saddam Hussein, a psychopath, acquiring or manufacturing from scratch a WMD and passing it to a terrorist to do us harm?
--sounds like good salespoint for selling war, otherwise you're just pushing war slogans.
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P.S. You never did explain why "Iraqi lives are more important than those of our soldiers." Sorry, my mistake! I guess you didn't say that. I was just saving you the trouble by making the only available argument you have against intervention on humanitarian grounds.
--really? i thought for sure that human life was valuable, now i'm told that soldiers are more valuable. ok, sounds like a good theory, american soldiers' lives are more valuable than Iraqi lives. sounds good and reasonable to me!
Posted by: calibar at May 19, 2004 07:07 AMHA -- I agree UP TO A POINT with much of what you insist the Left "must know," and the my response is to each begins with "yes, but..." You see, unlike you, I am not an extremist.
The Left and the Right ought to engage in civil and mutally respectful debate. This sort of exchange ought to lead to more intelligent policy prescriptions from both liberals and conservatives. Decent conservatives like David Brooks, Bill Kristol and George Will realize this. Your arrogance and your absolute certainty that your political views are objective fact, and that those who disagree with them are either so stupid as to be worthy of utter contempt, or simply treasonous, makes such interaction impossible. It's fine for you to marginalize yourself in this way -- my concern is that your viewpoint is becoming instiutionalized in the "Republican wing" of the Republican party.
Partisans of each side ought to recognize the valid points that the other side makes while pointing out their omissions that lead to an incomplete perspective. This leads to better policy: Social democrats like myself embracing more market-friendly mechanisms for achieving our goals (such as reducing pollution allowing companies to trade carbon emission quotas), while conservatives couch their proposal in terms of the need to achieve greater equality such as vouchers and mandatory private pensions (aka -- Social security privatization). Both sides revising their views in response to the valid points of the other in the marketplace of ideas.
Each side has a blind spot, and the biggest blind spot of the Right was stated best by Isaiah Berlin: "total liberty for wolves is death to the lambs."
Posted by: Markus Rose at May 19, 2004 07:44 AMMarkus,
It's fine for you to marginalize yourself in this way -- my concern is that your viewpoint is becoming instiutionalized in the "Republican wing" of the Republican party.
Buried in your platitudes is this fine example of the illogic that guides you. How can I marginalize myself when my viewpoint is becoming institutionalized?
Posted by: HA at May 19, 2004 09:56 AMHA -- fine, I'll revise that sentence to note how your arrogance no longer marginalizes you, but rather puts you squarely in the middle of the True Believer cadres of the Republican party.
This triviality aside, do you have anything else to say in response? Claiming the points I make are trite and overused is just another arrogant way of refusing to explain why you disagree with my assertion that neither liberals and conservatives have a monopoly on morality and intelligence about political questions.
Posted by: Markus Rose at May 19, 2004 10:36 AMcalibar says we could've negotiated with the Taliban.
A man who believes such idiocy cannot be rationally debated. The Taliban were fanatical, fundamentalist killers who were synonymous with al Qaeda. It is a pure utopian delusional fantasy to remotely suggest that the Taliban could have negotiated. Bush made his demands after September 11th, knowing they could not be met. From that day, we were at war, whether we wanted it or not.
calibar deserves ridicule for stating such an ridiculous idea masquarading as policy. Yes, ridicule, and scorn. To most red-blooded Americans who actually value their lives, their freedom, and their country, calibar's idea would be seen as a death wish. They wouldn't be wrong. It is.
Posted by: Sydney Carton at May 19, 2004 11:38 AMWhy would we even WANT to negotiate with the Taliban? The bastards would still rule in Kabul if we had done that and "succeeded." Who would benefit from such an outcome? Not us. And not the people of Afghanistan. Only the Taliban. Screw them.
Calibar does not share my value system. Neither do a lot of people I used to think were on my side. War is always bad. But some things are worse than war. The Taliban is one of them.
Posted by: Michael J. Totten at May 19, 2004 12:09 PMFresh Air:
"Lookit. If the primary failure before September 11 was a "failure of imagination"--the inability to conceive airliners could be flown into buildings--how much imagination does it take to visualize Saddam Hussein, a psychopath, acquiring or manufacturing from scratch a WMD and passing it to a terrorist to do us harm?
Before you answer, consider this: The amount of sarin contained in the shell found two days ago, properly mixed and delivered, could kill tens of thousands of people in a well-ventilated, crowded space, like, say, the Superdome. The total amount of chemicals involved could be smuggled in in two one-liter bottles. "But Mohammed, I didn't know they made wine in Basrah." "Oh yes, my dear Amir. Iraqi wine is the best! Last week was a very good year..."
Okay, I understand the need to expand the imagination of what could "possibly happen." My problem is, does this expansion of imagination have no limit? If we layer supposition upon supposition, we could come up with literally millions of possibilities for nefarious activities emanating from a multitude of places. Are we supposed to mobilize against each and every one of them? Even the US's impressive resources are not enough to do this.
It seems to me that we need to consider likelihood and plausability in addition to severity when prioritizing threats. This is why I didn't think that Iraq was a necessary defensive war at the time, given the fact that it had been successfully contained. Yes, Saddam could give his WMD to jihadists, but is there any serious analyst who believed that was likely? Maybe there was, but I haven't heard of any. Saddam's primary concern was for Saddam. Nothing I have seen indicates that he has ever been willing to die for a cause. This most definitely would have been his fate had we discovered that his hand was in a WMD attack.
It also would make sense to get serious about playing defense by securing ports, equipping airliners with missile decoy systems etc. To the extent that large scale military interventions draw away resources that might otherwise be used for these types of measures, they may have a deleterious effect on our security.
Re: Afghanistan, though, I agree with Michael and Sydney that you might as well negotiate with a rabid dog as negotiate with the Taliban. They've drunk the Kool Aid; there's no negotiating with zealots. Further, they had ALREADY COMMITTED the crime of allowing the planning and training for the worst crime of mass murder ever perpetrated on the US. Why would I want to offer them a plea bargain?
Posted by: Madison at May 19, 2004 12:57 PMWhy would we even WANT to negotiate with the Taliban? The bastards would still rule in Kabul if we had done that and "succeeded."
--are you serious? for the same reason we negotiated with and aided and continue to aid the Pakistani military, or what I like to call 'the armed wing of the Taliban'. and, really michael, you need to direct your question to Bush, not me, because it was Bush who was in negotiation with the Taliban after 911, and if you don't think so you don't know the record well enough--no conspiracy, it's all on the public record.
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Calibar does not share my value system. Neither do a lot of people I used to think were on my side. War is always bad. But some things are worse than war. The Taliban is one of them.
--few of the people you voted for ever really thought so until 911, and even then Bush wasn't too sure at first. The value system we don't share is based on my rejection of the idea that war is the resolution to major world problems. you tend to assert its necessity with little in the way of serious evidence. you've been too hooked to the salespitch of quite insincere and utterly inconsistent people i'm afraid.
Posted by: calibar at May 19, 2004 02:02 PMRe: Afghanistan, though, I agree with Michael and Sydney that you might as well negotiate with a rabid dog as negotiate with the Taliban. They've drunk the Kool Aid; there's no negotiating with zealots. Further, they had ALREADY COMMITTED the crime of allowing the planning and training for the worst crime of mass murder ever perpetrated on the US. Why would I want to offer them a plea bargain?
--actually there is probably little evidence that the Taliban were actively involved in the planning of 911, it's a real leap of conspiracy to make that claim, one which few, not even the Bush administration, is inclined to make. they were a reactionary, despotic, regime, not that unlike other ones that we have supported I'm afraid. Indeed, our excited willingness to work with AQ's armed wing in Pakistan shows what was possible in the way of seemingly inconceivable negotiation.
Posted by: calibar at May 19, 2004 02:06 PMMarkus,
explain why you disagree with my assertion that neither liberals and conservatives have a monopoly on morality and intelligence about political questions
I don't dispute THAT assertion. I dispute that Democrats are really liberals.
Posted by: HA at May 19, 2004 02:18 PM"When do we have the right to kill our fellow human beings or let them be killed?"
I think John Stuart Mill covered that one: "The sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection."
Posted by: Timbeaux at May 19, 2004 02:57 PMLiberal refers to freedom, right? So does it mean liberty to do anything you want or does it mean independence, i. e. not being dependent or at least being minimally dependent on some other entity?
This is the nub of my disagreement with liberalism, aside from the confusion caused by nomenclature. Complete freedom is not possible as long as one lives in a society, but America is aimed at maximum freedom. Originally it aimed as well at maximum independence, but it seems that concepts like "freedom from want" to justify government welfare programs diminishes independence.
It seems to me that one of our goals in Iraq is to make Iraqis independent. That means that we expect them to be responsible for their own defense, their own peacekeeping and their own economy. It won't be easy, because they are used to having the government guarantee everything, so that they were dependent on the same government that was denying them freedom. The big point we have to get through to all of the Middle Eastern nations is that freedom comes from independence, and independence comes from such mundane things as a work ethic, the honorableness of getting your hands dirty and breaking a sweat to earn your own living; the value of education to the value of your efforts worth more; civic militarism, the duty to participate in defending your homeland from tyrants; knowledge that is correct and current; being able to discuss political issues intelligently and logically; saving; providing for your own; and respecting others who do these things and demanding that they respect you. Helping the poor is a moral thing to do, but it's not something that government can do without increasing dependence and ineffectual application of resources.
As far as killing people goes, the first obligation of a society or government is to provide safety to the citizens. If it can't protect life, the liberty and pursuit of happiness don't amount to much. Sometimes protecting life requires taking the life of those who are killing your fellow citizens who aren't harming them. It also means building prisons to punish those who harm others and who violate the norms your society has established, or at least prevent them from doing it anymore.
The idiot Michael responded to doesn't understand the basic requirements of a society or how freedom is established and protected. Those who think we can ever have a peaceful society without fighting for it are as silly as those who think that socialism can make us all rich.
Posted by: AST at May 19, 2004 05:22 PMHelping the poor is a moral thing to do, but it's not something that government can do without increasing dependence and ineffectual application of resources.
--by that logic we shouldn't be helping out corporations with subsidies also. boy, this is getting to sound like we should go back to the 1920's. only problem is it's not an era in which poor people believe that their fate is entirely their responsibility. The Great Depression ruined that argument, but if you wanna go back in time to an era of individualist ideology and self-blame [even when millions were unemployed all at once!], well you'll need to have a few police officers on every street corner to deal with the resultant social unrest. so much for 'freedom' then.
Posted by: calibar at May 19, 2004 05:57 PM150 Comments! Wow, the traffic is soaring... maybe it was the career situation?
Michael, a question popped into my head this morning, and you were the first person I thought of to ask it.
I believe the intentions of our military are honorable. I believe the intentions of the USA are honorable. And I believe that the intentions of our president are honorable. I do not think any of these are perfect, but I assume the best of them. Thus, I beleive that the removal of a genocidal tyrant from power is something to support, confident in the best intentions of my country, its troops, and its president.
Iraqi Freedom thus is something I cannot imagine decrying.
If however, I assumed the worst, of our military, our president, and despised the history of the United States, then I would also assume the worst of our intentions in Iraq. I would oppose the war, because I would assume dishonorable motives. I might season it with a consideration that the enlisted ranks of the military are somehow victims, as are most of the workers in the country, thus exonerating most of the population of the USA.
If I, as a someone who trusts our honorable intentions, look at the ones who oppose the war and deduce from their statements that their opposition flows from a distrust of our president, country, and military, am I not justified in thinking they are unpatriotic?
Other opponents of Iraqi Freedom may trust our intentions, but distruct our capacity and competency, or fear that the costs in lives and resources are too great for the hihgly risky proposition of a successful transition to Iraqi democracy. These I would call patriotic, but pessimistic.
What do you think?
I believe the intentions of our military are honorable. I believe the intentions of the USA are honorable. And I believe that the intentions of our president are honorable. I do not think any of these are perfect, but I assume the best of them. Thus, I beleive that the removal of a genocidal tyrant from power is something to support, confident in the best intentions of my country, its troops, and its president.
Iraqi Freedom thus is something I cannot imagine decrying.
--this is a concept I've always found kind of interesting, liberals and conservatives alike often have great concept with the basic sociological reality that intentions really tell little about outcomes. Indeed, the whole interesting thing about history is not 'intentions' as much as Unintended Outcomes, though this whole obsession with 'intentions is lost on both conservatives and liberals. The left is actually stronger here, since its interest is not merely in 'intentions', which are usually putative at best, but in how outcomes are structured by actual power relations on the ground. Thus, for a person on the left, like myself say, it's entirely conceivable, even believable, that Bush is sincerely convinced that what he is doing is for the cause of 'freedom', 'getting rid of tyranny', 'helping the working man', etc. It's entirely conceivable, even believable that he is a person who is a friendly person to many and humorous, not as dumb as he sounds while trying to answer questions at press conferences, etc. And at the same time it's entirely likely that his best intentions aside, his policies [not that radically different from many of his predecessors' btw] have outcomes entirely different from his intentions to do good.
Instead, liberals and conservatives stay stuck on this 'we have good intentions' business and anyone who disagrees with x, y, or z policies must disagree with the fact that the executors have good intentions. utterly incorrect, as any perusal of serious left literature will show anyone but the paranoid.
Posted by: calibar at May 20, 2004 06:07 PMIf I, as a someone who trusts our honorable intentions, look at the ones who oppose the war and deduce from their statements that their opposition flows from a distrust of our president, country, and military, am I not justified in thinking they are unpatriotic?
--if we accept the idea that Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks are unpatriotic, then you are correct.
Posted by: calibar at May 20, 2004 06:09 PM"The left is actually stronger here, since its interest is not merely in 'intentions', which are usually putative at best, but in how outcomes are structured by actual power relations on the ground."
An analysis of the morality of the Iraq war surely must include both a determination of intentions and foreseeable consequences, understood at the time of decision.
I actually think the anti-war left emphasized the former and not the latter. This is why it is plausible to argue that opposition to the war was immoral.
The anti-war left reasonably argued that the intentions of the Adminstration were not as stated (or were something more than stated): "it's about the oil, imperial domination, and ME military bases". (I would add: strategic self-interest in democratizing the ME, but it doesn't matter to the argument re: self-interest.)
It seemed like the principle being deployed here was: Conduct is moral if and only if the intentions behind it are solely and purely altruistic. Thus, the Administration's conduct, because it was either partially or completely self-interested, could not be moral. (As a principle, it seems insufficient to capture cases where we have multiple motivations, but where conduct may still be moral: US Civil war, WW2, Korean War, etc.)
Related to this position was the anti-war left's oft-repeated ad hominem tu quoque: the US has acted badly in the past (Vietnam, Latin America, etc), and therefore its Iraqi conduct was wrong. This, of course, is a logical fallacy; the moral or immoral nature of the Iraq war can, and should, be analyzed independantly of prior US conduct.
Importantly, the anti-war left didn't reasonably argue that the war would lead to worse conditions for Iraqis. Although some maintained that tens of thousands of Iraqis would die in US military action and/or the resultant refugee crisis, these arguments were weak. (I have heard anti-war leftists argue that "Bush never made the humanitarian case", but this is clearly false, and sometimes transparently evasive, as a perusal of Administration pre-war justificatory speeches will show.)
This, to my mind, is the most damning criticism of the anti-war position. Before the war, Iraqis were politically and psychologically enslaved by a genocidal tyrant, who sent 300,000+ Iraqis to mass graves over 23 years. There was no reasonable expectation that he wouldn't continue to act as he had, step down or be removed apart from military intervention. There was a reasonable expectation that his regime would continue for 20+ years under the rule of his sons. After the war, Iraqis became a free, though physically and politically insecure, people. They now enjoy freedom of thought, expression, religion, speech and the press. Low level elections continue, and larger elections are planned for Jan, 05. Iraqis welcomed liberation (though dislike occupation), agree that life is better now than before the war, and are tentatively hopeful for the future. This is consistent with the pro-war position that the war was a moral good, and is particularly difficult for anti-war leftists to square with their pre-war position.
Interestingly, the "selfish intentions" argument made by anti-war leftists is now coming around to bite them: UNSCAM disclosure and evidence of oil deals indicate that anti-war journalists, thinkers and state actors were motivated by the oldest vice of all: greed.
Posted by: Mark at May 21, 2004 09:29 AMMark,
I would say that a moral argument could be made either way.
This report makes an argument against the war which I find persuasive http://www.hrw.org/wr2k4/3.htm. By way of reductionism, I think that the ethical gap between the proponents of the war and the authors which cannot be bridged may be found in this passage:
"In our view, as a threshold matter, humanitarian intervention that occurs without the consent of the relevant government can be justified only in the face of ongoing or imminent genocide, or comparable mass slaughter or loss of life. To state the obvious, war is dangerous. In theory it can be surgical, but the reality is often highly destructive, with a risk of enormous bloodshed. Only large-scale murder, we believe, can justify the death, destruction, and disorder that so often are inherent in war and its aftermath. Other forms of tyranny are deplorable and worth working intensively to end, but they do not in our view rise to the level that would justify the extraordinary response of military force. Only mass slaughter might permit the deliberate taking of life involved in using military force for humanitarian purposes."
I would submit that if you agree with this point, you'll agree with their larger position; if you don't, you won't.
Also note that they correctly dismiss two spurious arguments against the war:
"Before applying these criteria to Iraq, it is worth noting two factors that we do not consider relevant in assessing whether an intervention can be justified as humanitarian. First, we are aware of, but reject, the argument that humanitarian intervention cannot be justified if other equally or more needy places are ignored. Iraqi repression was severe, but the case might be made that repression elsewhere was worse. For example, an estimated three million or more have lost their lives to violence, disease, and exposure in recent years during the conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), yet intervention in the DRC was late and, compared to Iraq, modest. However, if the killing in Iraq warranted military intervention, it would be callous to disregard the plight of these victims simply because other victims were being neglected. In that case, intervention should be encouraged in both places, not rejected in one because it was weak or nonexistent in the other.
Second, we are aware of, but reject, the argument that past U.S. complicity in Iraqi repression should preclude U.S. intervention in Iraq on humanitarian grounds. This argument is built on the U.S. government’s sordid record in Iraq in the 1980s and early 1990s. When the Iraqi government was using chemical weapons against Iranian troops in the 1980s, the Reagan administration was giving it intelligence information. After the Anfal genocide against Iraqi Kurds in 1988, the Reagan and first Bush administrations gave Baghdad billions of dollars in commodity credits and import loan guarantees. The Iraqi government’s ruthless suppression of the 1991 uprising was facilitated by the first Bush administration’s agreement to Iraq’s use of helicopters – permission made all the more callous because then-President Bush had encouraged the uprising in the first place. In each of these cases, Washington deemed it more important to defeat Iran or avoid Iranian influence in a potentially destabilized Iraq than to discourage or prevent large-scale slaughter. We condemn such calculations. However, we would not deny relief to, say, the potential victims of genocide simply because the proposed intervener had dirty hands in the past."
It is my belief that the debate over the war was just another example of the standard template for political debate in this country; each side accuses the other not merely of having an incorrect position, but of having nefarious intentions and a lack of honor.
Posted by: Madison at May 21, 2004 11:22 AMMadison,
The HRW report does make some interesting points. It correctly identifies two invalid arguments against the war.
You do, indeed, quote the crucial passage of the report. However, the criteria HWR sets up for intervention is inadequate.
In the view of HRW, intervention is only justified for "ongoing or imminent genocide, or comparable mass slaughter or loss of life"; also "Only mass slaughter might permit the deliberate taking of life involved in using military force for humanitarian purposes." This is because war is "often highly destructive, with a risk of enormous bloodshed" that results in "death, destruction, and disorder".
Two observations. HRW does not define the threshold of "mass slaughter" numerically, or tell us when genocide would be imminent. Even if HRW did offer definitions, it is not clear why low level genocide is any less actionable than high level genocide. If the North Korean regime deliberately engages in punitive starvation of 10,000 people per year for 10 years, but Saddam slaughters 100,000 people over 1 year, why is Iraq more worthy of intervention? What if Saddam slaughtered 10000/per year for 10 years (not unrealistic, given HRW's own figures on the matter); same amount killed but over a longer period of time. An intervention would save the same amount of people. What reasoning should we apply here?
Also, HRW makes assumptions about the risk of loss of life in wartime that, for Iraq, were unreasonable at the time (and subsequently turned out to be false): prior to the war, it was reasonably argued that more people would have died under Saddam than it was anticipated would die in the war to end his regime.
HRW also preferences certain political situations: existence under political oppression (slavery) is preferred over freedom and dignity. While there are certain arguments to be made that it is better to be a living slave than risk death as a free person in an unstable country, it is not clear why HRW prefers those arguments. Certainly, a combination of low-level slaughter with high amounts of political oppression might favour intervention (query: how brutal would Apartheid South Africa have been before we would have considered intervention?)
In sum, HRW sets out inadequate criteria for intervention. It fails to make the case that intervention was morally unjustified.
Posted by: Mark at May 21, 2004 11:52 AMMark,
I think we have dug down to the core disagreement, which is essentially a difference in personal opinion about when war is justified. At the end of the day, I think that your questions about their standards (e.g. "Two observations. HRW does not define the threshold of "mass slaughter" numerically, or tell us when genocide would be imminent. Even if HRW did offer definitions, it is not clear why low level genocide is any less actionable than high level genocide.") are what will divide reasonable people based on their own personal values and convictions.
The Apartheid regime would be an interesting counterfactual historical test.
Posted by: Madison at May 21, 2004 12:07 PMMarkus,
You the man!
"Both sides revising their views in response to the valid points of the other in the marketplace of ideas."
We've got a decent one going here - here's hoping it continues to improve. BTW, we could all do worse than to look, as you did, to Mr. Berlin for guidance.
"Injustice, poverty, slavery, ignorance - these may be cured by reform or revolution. But men do not live only by fighting evils. They live by positive goals, individual and collective, a vast variety of them, seldom predictable, at times incompatible."
Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty
Posted by: David Warner at May 21, 2004 12:25 PMMarkus,
Each side has a blind spot, and the biggest blind spot of the Right was stated best by Isaiah Berlin: "total liberty for wolves is death to the lambs."
When I look at today's left, I see something that looks like a lamb. But when I look down towards the feet, I see paws, not hooves. Maybe the blind spot is in your own field of vision.
Posted by: HA at May 22, 2004 03:25 AM"calibar says we could've negotiated with the Taliban."
Actually, the U.S. gov't was about to donate $300 million USD to the Taliban gov't and negotiations fell through when cruise missiles were launched into Afghanistan (aimed at Al-Qaeda training bases) causing the Taliban to withdraw from the negotiations. (The intended gift was a reward for their success in thwarting the opium production of their country)
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